General Concept and Overview of Environment Management System (ISO 14001)

1. Module - 1
General Concept and Overview of Environment
Management System (ISO 14001)

2. Purpose
• To understand the elements of the
Environment and their Interactions.
• Understand the need for an
Environment Management System
(EMS)

3. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Production
Patterns
Consumption
Patterns
Natural resources drawn from
the environment
Impact of resource extraction,
use and disposal
Trade
ENVIRONMENT
Drives
Drives
Economic Activity and Environment

4. Industry and environmental degradation
Resource extraction of raw
materials through mining,
logging, water abstraction,
energy generation.
Resource demand during
distribution, use and disposal
of goods and services.
Resource utilization during
manufacture leading to
emissions, wastewater and
solid waste generation.
Costs of environmental
damage
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
The environment is seen as a sink for all our solid, liquid and
gaseous wastes.

5. Population
Increasing consumption levels
Industrial activities
Agricultural activities
Transport etc.
At today's resource consumption rates, this
development is unbalanced and unsustainable
Pressure on Environment

6. GLOBAL
NATIONAL
Environmental Issues

7. Global Warming/Climate Change
Acid Rain
Greenhouse Effect
Depletion of Non Renewable Resources
(coal, oil, gas)
Stratospheric ozone layer depletion
Deforestation
Bio-diversity loss
Environmental Issues
(Global)

8. Ozone Depletion Cycle
• The ozone depletion
process begins when
CFCs and other ozone-
depleting substances
(ODS) leak from
equipment
• One chlorine atom
can destroy over
100,000 ozone
molecules before finally
being removed from
the stratosphere

9.  Atmospheric Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Waste Management
 Waste Disposal
 Noise
 Marine Pollution
 Soil Erosion
 Degradation of Fresh Water
Resources
Environmental Issues
Local/National

10. Result of
Local Environmental changes
• Rise in temperatures
• Disappearance of certain species of birds
• Rise in allergies and other health problems.
• Contamination of lakes, ponds etc.

11. Environmental Issues
National/Regional Level

12. Water stress

13. Water Pollution & Contaminants
•Effluent discharges
•Groundwater Pollution
•Marine life contamination
•Destruction of Coral Reefs
•Major Contaminants
Suspended Solids
Oil & Grease
Dissolved Solids
Heavy Metals

14. –Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
–Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM)
Which include gases like
– Carbon Monoxide;
– Carbon di-oxide
– Oxides of Sulphur;
– Oxides of Nitrogen;
– Hydrogen Sulfide;
– Ammonia;
– Photochemical Oxidants;
– Ozone Depleting Substances; and
– Toxic gases.
Air Pollution and Contaminants

15. Solid Waste & Soil Pollution
• Municipal & Industrial Wastes
Generation
• Toxic & Hazardous wastes
• Waste Management
• Recycle & Reuse
• Landfill & Leachate Management
• Incineration

16. Leachate Migration

17. Environmental Interaction
Source: Operations, Activities,
Equipments, processes that
generates the pollutant;
(Spillage in storage yard,
stack emission, waste
disposal, wastewater
discharge)
Pathway: The environmental element
through which the pollutant
is propagated (air, water,
soil)
Receptor: The element of the
environment that is
impacted. (humans, surface
& ground water, land, flora
& fauna, natural resources)

18. Environmental Interactions
AIR
WATER
LAND
FLORA&
FAUNA
HUMANS
Legislative
Compliance
NATURAL
RESOURCES
Eco-efficiency
Facility & Operations

19. o Identified link between industrialization and
environmental degradation, 19th century
o “Dilution is the solution to pollution”, 1960s
o “End of Pipe” treatment for emissions, 1980s-1990s -
Reactive, “Command & Control”
Approaches to Environmental
Issues

20. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
ACTION OF
REGULATORY
AUTHORITIES
INDUSTRY'S
APPROACH
REMARKS
LAWS ENACTMENT
BUT POOR
ENFORCEMENT
IGNORANCE REQUIRES STRICT ENFORCEMENT
STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
DILUTION NEED FOR DEVELOPING LOAD BASED
STANDARDS & ENSURING STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
LOAD BASED
STANDARDS AND
STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
TREATMENT NOT SUSTAINABLE
(DEAD INVESTMENT
& COST PROHIBITIVE)
NEED FOR ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

21. A balanced viewpoint
We need to find
a viable and
equitable
balance
between
environment
and
development.

22. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
“DEVELOPMENT WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS
OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING
THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO
MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS”
Bruntland Report on “Our Common Future”
1987
Current Approach

23. • Achieving a balance between
–environmental quality
–social equity
–economic prosperity
Sustainable Development
“TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE”

24. Use of Cleaner Technologies
Elimination/Minimization of emissions
at source
Waste Prevention & Minimization
Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)
Voluntary, Co-op, Pro-active Approach
Environmental Management / EMS
BATNEEC
Sustainable Development
Approach

25.  BEST - at preventing pollution
 AVAILABLE - procurable by operator
 TECHNOLOGY - equipment, training, operations,
maintenance etc.….
 NEEC - balance between environmental benefit &
financial cost
Best Available Technology Not
Entailing Excessive Cost
BATNEEC

26. History of Environment Management
System – ISO 14001
• 1987 : WCED – Sustainable Development in
“Our Common Future”
• 1991: BCSD approached ISO and IEC to discuss
development of Environmental Standards
• 1992: UNCED – Agenda 21 and Rio Declaration
on Sustainable Development
• 1996: ISO 14001:1996; ISO 14004: 1996
• 2004: ISO 14001: 2004; ISO 14004: 2004

27. ISO 14001 Standard
• It is a voluntary
• It is an international
• It is a non prescriptive
• It is currently the only certifiable standard in the 14000
series of standards

28. OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS
 A SERIES OF 16 STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY TC 207
 BASICALLY TWO TYPES :
SPECIFICATION AND GUIDELINE STANDARDS
 CONSISTS OF TWO CATEGORIES
ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS

29. EMS- ISO 14000 SERIES
 ISO 14001: EMS SPECIFICATION STANDARD
 ISO 14004: EMS GUIDANCE STANDARD
 ISO 14010s: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
 ISO 14020s: ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING
 ISO 14030s: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
 ISO 14040s: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
 ISO 14050: PRODUCT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD
 ISO 14060: TERMS & DEFINITIONS

30. OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS
 ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
 EMS - ISO 14001 & 14004
 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - ISO 14010 SERIES (3)
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ISO 14030
 PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS
 LCA - ISO 14040 SERIES (5)
 ENVIROMENTAL LABELLING - ISO 14020 SERIES (3)
 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND PRODUCT STANDARDS -
ISO 14050
 DEFINITIONS - ISO 14060

31. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISO 14001 &
ISO 9001
•ISO 9001 COUSTOMER WHILE ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENT ORIENTED
•ISO 14001 MORE DEMANDING
* SPECIFIC POLICY REQUIREMENTS
* IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASTECTS
* ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVE & TARGETS
* COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS
•ISO 14001 SUPPORTS RESOURCE CONSERVATION – SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
•PROMOTES GREEN PRODUCTIVITY & CLEANER PRODUCTION
•PROVIDES TOOL FOR GREENING SUPPLY CHAIN

32. Benefits of EMS / ISO 14001
 Proof of sound environmental performance
 Improve public / community relationships
 Enhanced image and increased market share
 Increased stakeholder and customer confidence
 Improved industry practices and lower operating costs
 Cost savings in energy / raw materials / waste
management
 Effective reduction of corporate environmental liability
exposure
 Encourage innovative technology

33. Status of ISO 14001 Implementation as on 2009
S. No. Country/Region No. of Certified
Companies
% share
1 North America 7,316 3.38
2 Europe 89,237 40
3 Central & South America 3,923 1.8
4 Africa/West Asia 8,813 3.9
5 Australia/New Zealand 1,623 0.7
6 Far East 1,12,237 50.3
World Total 2,23,149 100
Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)
The number of ISO 14001 certified EMS now exceeds 2,67,000
according to the latest figures from ISO

34. Summary
• Environment & Development
• Impacts of Development
• Environmental Interaction
• Environmental Approaches
• Development of ISO 14000
• Need for EMS: ISO 14001
• Benefits of EMS