1. Preservation and
Conservation of Library
10th element of Collection
Materials
Development as a process

2. Questions MUST be answered

3. What is Preservation?
• Maintenance of resources
• To prevent (organic bodies) from decaying or
spoiling.
• To keep in perfect or unaltered condition;
maintain unchanged.

4. What is Conservation?
• Treatment of the physical items to extend
their life
• To repair
• Preservation or restoration from
loss, damage, or neglect

5. What are the factors that damages
Library Materials?

6. Proper Handling
Using too narrow/too shallow shelf will result in
items being knocked off and damaged. Foreedge shelving undue strain on the binding.

7. Environmental Control
• Temperature cycling is damaging. For every rise of 1, book
papers deteriorate twice as fast.
• Humidity and heat combine to accelerate deterioration
from paper acidity.
• The ideal range for microforms is 70 +/-5℉ with humidity
at 40% +/-5%. Nitrate-based motion picture film must be
stored below 55℉ but can tolerate humidity up to 45%.
Videotapes do best at 65℉ +/-5℉ and no more than 40%
humidity. Audiodiscs (LPs, 45s, and so forth) can handle
temperatures up to 75℉ and 50% humidity. However, the
upper limits for audiotapes are 70℉ and 45% humidity.
Electronic me4dia (CDs and DVDs) are best store4d at
temperature between 14℉ and 73℉, with a relative
humidity between 20 and 50%. However, lower relative
temperatures only slow the process but can’t stop it.

9. • Lighting (natural/artificial) influences preservation.
Artificial lighting when close to mate4rial there can be
significant temperature differentials from button to the
top shelf in a storage unit.
• Windows and sunlight generate heat as well, and they
create miniclimates that resulted to the damaging of
the materials.
• Non-print materials are more sensitive in natural
lighting (ultraviolet radiation) like fluorescent light.
• Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant and a concern for
library preservation program, because it combines with
water vapor to form sulfuric acid that makes the book
paper deteriorate.
• Silverfish, cockroaches, termites, larder beetle larvae
(book worm) and book lice eat the entire papers of the
book.

10. Security
Lost library materials such as
books, films, etc., are one of the major
problems in preservation of the library
materials.

11. Disaster
An expected natural/accidental disaster may
lost the library materials. Natural disasters
such as earthquake are cannot easily to
prevent while accidental disaster such as fire
are preventable. The prevention of those
disasters may be depending upon the
knowledge of the librarian in how he/she can
handle it.

12. How we can prevent those factors?
• Buying adjustable storage units provides the
library a measure of flexibility.
• Proper supports and book-ends help to keep
the materials in good order.
• The Library of Congress recommends a
temperature of 55℉ in book storage areas
and a maximum of 75℉ in reading areas.

13. • Do not use pesticides! Because it could create
pollution problems. To control this, is to keep
foods and drinks out of the library and
keeping humidity as low as possible so that
insects cannot multiply.
• People-based security and electronic systems
are required in the library to prevent cases of
theft and mutilation.

14. The following are the basic steps to
take in preparing a disaster plan:
1. Study the library for potential problems. Often
institution’s risk management officer (insurance)
is more than willing to help in that assessment.
2. Meet with local fire and safety officers for the
same purpose.
3. Establish a planning team to develop a plan. This
team may become the disaster-handling team.
4. Establish procedures for handling each type of
disaster and, if appropriate. Form different
teams to handle each situation.

15. 5. Establish a telephone calling tree, or other fast
notification system, for each disaster. A telephone
tree is a plan for who class in a certain order.
6. Develop a salvage priority list for the collections. If
necessary, mark a set of floor plans and include them
in the disaster planning and response manual. Most
plans do not have more than three levels of priority:
first priority is irreplaceable or costly materials;
second is materials that are expensive or difficult to
replace’ and third is the rest of the collection.
Establishing priorities can be a challenge for
planners, because everyone has some vested interest
in the subject areas with he or she works.

16. 7. Develop a list of recovery supplies the library
will maintain onsite (e.g., plastic sheeting and
butcher paper).
8. Include a list of resources—people and
companies that may assist in the recovery
work.

17. How we conserve Library Materials?
• The physical features of an original artifact—
paper, ink, binding, sewing structure, and
cover--hold matchless information for the
researcher. They establish a connection with
the past that cannot be established through
electronic access alone.

18. • Thus the main object if conservation is to keep
library and archival materials in their original
format as long as possible. Library and archival
materials can be preserved through remedial
treatment of individual materials
(flattening, book and paper
repair, binding), treatment if an entire
collection (mass deacidification, fumigation), and stabilization
(surface cleaning, new containers, protective
enclosures). Conservation methods and
materials should not damage library materials.

19. • Conservation also involves prudent collection
management. For example, sound techniques
for binding materials such as periodicals and
unbound monographs are important, because
the way these materials are bound determines
how long they will last and how easily the
contents can be accessed. While in the
past, highly-decorated bindings were
produced as a part of the rebinding
process, the primary object of conservation is
not cosmetic; indeed, the cosmetic approach
can often compromise good conservation
practice.