The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. [1] Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce mRNA. [2] The mRNA exits the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. [3] Translation then occurs, as the ribosome reads the mRNA and pairs tRNAs with their complementary anticodons to add amino acids in the specified order and produce a polypeptide chain.

1. Flip Book
By: Cliff

2. Cell Nucleus
The cell receives a message to
make a certain amount of a
protein.

3. RNA Polymerase
• RNA Polymerase is the enzyme that makes all
of the RNA and Transcribes genes. The RNA
polymerase uses a strand of DNA as a
template which guides everything else so that
it makes a new strand of nucleic acid

4. A little bit of
the DNA
unwinds and
shows the
gene
responsible
for that
protein
RNA polymerase eventually
comes in and zips everything
up.

5. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters
the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.

6. Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cytoplasm

10. Chromosomes

12. This is a diagram of the unzipped DNA inside of the
chromosome. In the next step, RNA polymerase
should come in, which closes up the DNA strands.

13. RNA polymerase eventually
comes in and zips everything
up.

14. This is what
the DNA looks
like when it is
zipped up

15. Transcription
• The mRNA is Transcribed by using one of the
strands of a DNA molecule. The RNA carries
genetic info to the ribosome from the DNA.
This information is then used to make
proteins. After this, DNA and RNA use coding
to match up all of the base pairs to form a
double helix. One of the three differences
between DNA and RNA is that DNA uses
Thymine while RNA is Uracil.

16. These are the three main steps of Transcription. The promoter region signals
the beginning of the gene, The operator region acts as an on/off switch, and
last but not least, the Terminator region marks the end of the gene.
Promoter Region RNA Coding Region
Terminator Region

17. Adenine Cytosine
Thymine Guanine

18. Translation

19. Cell Nucleus
Cell Cytoplasm

25. Ribosome

26. Ribosome

27. Ribosome

28. Ribosome

29. Ribosome

30. Ribosome

31. Ribosome

32. Ribosome

33. Developing
polypeptide chain
Ribosome

34. Developing
polypeptide chain
Ribosome

35. tRNA
Developing
polypeptide chain
Ribosome

36. Binding Site
U A C
Anti Codon

41. G G C

42. C C G
G G C
mRNA Strand

43. Amino Acid Anti Codon
C C G
G G C
mRNA
Codon
AUG is the start Codon and UAA is the
stop codon