Azerbaijan

11.  Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (Azerbaijani: ‫آذربایجان‬
Azərbaycan) is a country in the Caucasus region of
Eurasia. It's bounded by Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's
Daghestan region to the north, Georgia to the
northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the southwest, and
Iran to the south. Azerbaijan is a home to various
ethnicities, majority of which are Azerbaijani, a Turkic
ethnic group which numbers close to 9 million in the
independent Republic of Azerbaijan.

12.  During Median and Persian rule, many
Caucasian Albanians adopted
Zoroastrianism and then switched to
Christianity prior to coming of Muslim
Arabs and more importantly Muslim
Turks. The Turkic tribes are believed to
have arrived as small bands of ghazis
whose conquests led to the
Turkification of the population as
largely native Caucasian and Iranian
tribes adopted the Turkic language of
the Oghuz and converted to Islam over
a period of several hundred years.
 After more than 80 years of
colonization under the Russian empire
in the Caucasus, the Azerbaijan
Democratic Republic was established in
1918. The state was invaded by Soviet
forces in 1920 and remained under
Soviet rule until the collapse of the
Soviet Union in 1991.

13. Music of Azerbaijan builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly
1,000 years. For centuries Azerbaijani music has evolved under the
badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies.
Azerbaijani music has a branchy mode system, where chromatisation of
major and minor scales is of great importance. As is the case also with
Arabic and Turkish and even more evidently, much of the musical
terminology of Azerbaijani cultures is of Persian origin.

14.  The classical music of Azerbaijan is called mugam (more
accurately spelled muğam), and draws on the music of the
Iranian-Arab-Turkish maqam.[4] It is usually a suite with
poetry and instrumental interludes. The sung poetry
sometimes includes tahrir segments, which use a form of
singing similar to yodelling. The poetry is typically about
divine love and is most often linked to Sufi Islam.Mugam
created in ancient Iran territory and developed in Azerbaijan
republic and Iran Azerbaijan provinces since Safavid(The most
branch of mugam which called by bayat(like bayat-e-
kurd,bayate-shiraz, bayat-e-turk...)created by an Azerbaijani
tradition(Bayat which have music talents)in different provinces
of Iran like kurdisatn, shiraz, isfahan. The most of royal
musicians in palaces of ancient Iran kings in provinces were
Bayat and there is no relation between Persian and mugam
because of different morality and life philosophy between
Persians and ancient Iran traditions.
 Azerbaijan has a wide range of music and music styles but the
most popular is rap music. In 2011, Azerbaijan won the
Eurovision song contest by rap. In contrast to the mugam
traditions of Central Asian countries, Azeri mugam is more
free-form and less rigid; it is often compared to the improvised
field of rap.[5] [6]

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16. National clothes of Azerbaijan are the result of material and moral culture of the people
who lived through numerous difficulties in their lives. Closely associated with the history
of people, the clothes are one of the most important sources in the investigation of
culture of that people. Clothes mainly reflect the national peculiarities and ethnic
attributes of people. Clothes play a great role in solution of the matters regarding
ethnogeny, they help to settle the problems of cultural-historical relations and mutual
influence between the folks. They depend on the level of the development of natural
economy and geographical conditions.

17. The history of folk creation, ethnographic
and artistic qualities find their reflection on
the clothes. This peculiarity is revealed in
clothes of different form and in their
decorations, art needlework and weaving.
During archeological digs in the territory of
Azerbaijan the archeologists found out
bronze needle and awl referred to the
beginning of the bronze age (III millennium
b.c.). Those findings prove that, the ancient
Azerbaijanis could sew for themselves.
Small clay statutes found in Kultepe (the 2nd
millennium BC) and barmagchills seals
found in Mingechevir (V century BC) provide
some information about the style of clothes
during that period. Silk clothes found in
Mingachevir catacombs are referred to the
V-VI centuries AD. A number of golden
accessories and plates made of clay in the
form of shoe found in Azerbaijan and
referred to the III-IV centuries b. c. prove
that Azerbaijanis have ancient material
culture.

18. The Culture of Azerbaijan has developed
under influence under Turkish , Islamic
and European cultures, including
Caucasian and Turkic heritage as well as
Russian influences due to its former
status as a Soviet republic. Today,
western influences, including globalized
consumer culture, are strong.

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20.  Nizami Ganjavi (Persian: ‫نظامی‬
‫ ;گنجوی‬Kurdish: Nîzamî Gencewî,
‫, نیزامی گه‌نجه‌وی‬Nezāmi-ye
Ganjavi; Azerbaijani: Nizami Gəncəvi,
‫;1411 نظامی گنجوی‬to 1209),Nizami
Ganje'i, Nizami,
or Nezāmi (Persian: ‫ ,)نظامی‬whose formal
name was Niẓām ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad
Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī, was a 12th-
centuryPersian poet. Nezāmi is
considered the greatest romantic epic
poet in Persian literature, who brought a
colloquial and realistic style to the
Persian epic. His heritage is widely
appreciated and shared by Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan,Iran, Kurdistan region
and Tajikisan.

21.  The Baku Ateshgah (from Persian: ‫آتشگاه‬
Atashgāh > Azerbaijani: Atəşgah) or "Fire
Temple" is a castle-like ancient Hindu religious
structure in Surakhani, a suburb of
greater Baku, Azerbaijan. "Atash" (‫( آتش‬is the
Persian word for fire.
 The pentagonal complex, which has a courtyard
surrounded by cells for monks and a tetrapillar-
altar in the middle, was built during the 17th and
18th centuries. It was abandoned after 1883
when oil and gas plants were established in the
vicinity. The complex was turned into a museum
in 1975 and now receives 15,000 visitors a year. It
was nominated for World Heritage Site status in
1998 and was declared a state historical-
architectural reserve by decree of the Azeri
President on 19 December 2007.