I had the opportunity to teach my Advanced Speaking class, along with three other classmates, about how to support our ideas while speaking.

1. Stand up and support your topic with either an
example, testimony or statistic
The testimony and the statistic can be made up

2. Rachel Hibner
Erin Davidson
Shane
Evelyn

3. Examples
Statistics
Testimony

4. • Specific case referred to in
Brief examples passing to illustrate point
Extended • Longer and more detailed
examples to illustrate point
Hypothetical • Describes an imaginary or
examples fictitious situation

5. Changes in technology have made it possible for
doctors to work wonders that once seemed
impossible. Roger Charter, for example, lost both
his feet when they were crushed in a truck
accident. Now he has new feet – made of a
springy plastic alloy that duplicates a normal
arch.

6. In the history of the Olympic Games, there have
been many shining stars. Among them was a
European girl. With the lapse of time, her name
was faded from memory, yet her unbending
spirit shall never perish. It was she who
highlighted the Olympic Creed…

7. It’s a brisk fall morning. The leaves are
beginning to fall and the smell of the grill is in
the air. You can hear the band playing faintly in
the distance and the sight of the crisp green
field is on your brain. It’s college game day here
at Purdue and you could not be more excited.

8. As a group come up with an example for each of
the points below:
• Receiving the new iPhone can be quite the
task.- extended example/narrative
• Going to a carnival can be a fun experience. -
hypothetical example
• The food options offered at Purdue dining
halls are less than ideal- brief example

9. Use to clarify
Use to reinforce
Use examples to personalize
Make your examples vivid
Practice delivery so you can maintain
eye contact

10. Can be stacked in
Often cited in
Can clarify and order to show
passing to
support ideas magnitude of an
strengthen points
issue

11. To show the dangers posed by running red
lights: “According to the U.Sdepartment of
Transportation, 200,000 people are injured and
more than 800 are killed every year in the U.S.
due to motorists who run red lights.”

12. To show the dangers of chewing tobacco a
speaker could site the American Cancer Society
with a statistic of how many people receive
cancer from doing so

13. Are the statistics
representative?
Are statistical
measures used
correctly?
Are the statistics
from a reliable
source?

14. Sample should be big enough
Sample should represent the whole population
Example: A student chooses to randomly ask 10 other students if they favor or
oppose the appointment of Governor Mitch Daniels as our new president. If 6
approve and 4 oppose, could you state that 60% of students approve of Daniels?

15. Mean Mode Median
Middle number in a
Number that occurs
Average value of a group of numbers
most frequently in
group of numbers (arranged highest
a group of numbers
to lowest)

16. Apply the mean, median and mode to both sets of
numbers
Group A Group B
7,500 5,400
6,300 5,400
5,000 5,000
4,400 2,300
4,400 1,700

17. • Group A
– Mean:5,520
– Media: 5,000
– Mode: 4,400
• Group B
– Mean: 3,960
– Median: 5,000
– Mode: 5,400

18. Use statistics to quantify your ideas
Use statistics sparingly
Identify the source
Explain your statistic
Round off complicated statistics
Use visual aides to clarify
Stats can be found in many places

19. The quotations or paraphrases used to support a
point
Expert testimony
Peer testimony
Difference between quoting & paraphrasing
Tips for using testimony

20. Testimony from
people who are
recognized experts
in the their field
Helpful to
Important to students who
use when topic are rarely
is controversial looked at as
experts

21. In Julia Wang’s speech about how to make Social Security
more equitable for younger taxpayers, she want to
convince her audience to accept her ideas. As she is not an
expert on this subject, she quoted a wide range of experts
who agreed with her—Arizona Senator John McCain;
Jeffrey Sachs, a Harvard economics professor; former U.S.
Social Security Commissioner Dorcas Hardy, and so on. By
citing the views of these experts—some of whom might be
expected to disagree with her point of view—Julia made
her speech much more persuasive.

22. Testimony from
Gives a more personal
ordinary people with
viewpoint on an issue
firsthand experience
Conveys feelings,
knowledge and insight

23. Which testimony is more persuasive on the subject of
barriers faced by people with physical disabilities?
• “I believe that people with physical disabilities have
tough life. They usually be discriminated by others and
suffer unequal experiences.” — from a doctor
• “When you are in a wheelchair, people don’t talk to you.
Perhaps they think crippled legs mean a cripples mind.
But whatever the reason, they treat you like a thing.” —
from a person whose legs are paralyzed

24. Quote- testimony
that is presented
word for word
Paraphrasing-
testimony that
restates or
summarizes sources
ideas

25. More effective
More effective
then
More effective than
paraphrasing
than paraphrasing
when the quote
paraphrasing when conveys
is eloquent,
when brief the speaker’s
witty or
meaning
compelling

26. Use when Use when
wording of quotation is
quotation is longer than two
obscure or or three
cumbersome sentences

27. Quote or paraphrase Use testimony from
accurately qualified sources
• Don’t misquote • Example: not all
• Do not violate the celebrities are
meaning of your qualified to
paraphrase endorse certain
• Do not quote out of products
context

28. Identify the people you
Use testimony from
are quoting/
unbiased sources
paraphrasing
• Careful listeners are • Name the person &
suspicious of opinions sketch their
from biased sources qualifications before
• Using testimonies from presenting the
credible, competent, testimony
objective sources could • This is an important
persuade your audience ethical responsibility

29. John Silber, Chancellor of Boston University and
Chairman of the Massachusetts Board of Education,
remarks: “It is quite clear that remarkable competence
in a language could be achieved in three years—if these
years are the ages three, four, and five.”

30. Decide which points on the given hand out are
examples, testimony or statistics
There may be some points that are not a good
use of example, testimony or statistic at all!

31. Each of the statements on your paper violates at
least one of the criteria for effective supporting
materials discussed in the chapter. As a group,
identify the flaws (or flaws) in each statement.

32. Examples – help
Statistics –
draw vivid
numerical data
images to ideas
Effective way to
Brief examples clarify & support
ideas
Make sure they are
Extended
representative,
examples/narrative
correct & reliable
Hypothetical
example

33. Testimony – quotations/paraphrases used to
support a point
• Expert testimony
• Peer testimony
• Quoting vs. paraphrasing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTjaYaORCKo