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Meeting in Bulgaria: 26.03.2012-30.03.2021
Traditional
                   Musical instruments
                 PIPES
                                                           STRINGS
Fluier (Flute) - long or short 6 hole pipe
                                             Cobza - short necked lute of Moldavia
Caval - long pipe with 5 finger holes
                                             and Wallachia
Nai - the Romanian panpipe
                                             Violin
Other pipes - Bucium (Alphorn),
Ocarina, Flaute, Fifa

                                                            REEDS

                                             Cimpoi - the Romanian bagpipe
                  OTHER                      Clarinet - developed in the 1700's
 Accordion                                   Saxophone - invented around 1840 by
 Brass and "fanfare"                         Adolphe Sax
                                             Taragot - invented by J Schunda, 1865
FLUIER (Flute)
 The common fluier is the equivalent to our tin whistle, but made out of
  wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter.
 The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as
  the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as thefluieras or trisca.




Common fluier                     Bistriţa                     Arges
musician, Dolj
CAVAL
 In Romanian the caval most often refers to the long flute with five finger
  holes in groups of two and three with a simple block mouthpiece.
 It is found in Oltenia, Muntenia and south Moldavia. An old style of
  playing where the player growls whilst playing continues in remote areas
  and amongst the Hungarian Csango minorities in Moldavia.
NAI (PANPIPE)
 His most famous pupil being musicians Gheorghe Zamfir. The nai can now
  be found widely in gypsytarafs through Moldavia and Wallachia and most
  folk orchestras.



                                               http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
Flaute and piculine
 Around the river Olt there are transverse flutes, like the concert flute or
  fife, with six or seven holes for the larger flaute and six holes for the
  smaller piculine.
BUCIUM (Alpenhorn)
 Is a big tube, opened at both ends and composed of long staves of fir,
  ash, lime or nut tree wood, very well dry. These stoves are tightened with
  wooden or metal circles.
 In the Apuseni Mountain the alpenhorn is called �tulnic�.
 In some regions it is played on the funerals.
 In the past the alpenhorn was used for signaling the Turkish invasions.
TARAGOT
 The taragot was used in the Royal Hungarian Army, but is rarely found in
  Hungary now. A Banat musician, Luţa Ioviţă, who had played it in the army
  during World War I, returned to Banat (Romania) and introduced it there
  in the 1920s for dance music. This created a sensation, and eventually
  gave rise to a specific regional style.
 Dumitru Farcaş, native to Maramureş, has made the taragot popular
  throughout Transylvania, and is probably the best known taragot player.
COBZA
 The cobza has a soft tone, most often tuned to D-A-D-G. It is generally
  used to accompany violins or pipes. Playing melodies is rare due to the
  short neck construction. Once widespread through Moldavia, Oltenia and
  Muntenia cobza have become rare in village music, but can be seen in
  many "folk orchestras". The cobza can also be found in
  the Csango minority villages of Moldavia.
 We have the musician known as lăutar meaning lute player where lute is
  derived from the middle eastern oud but generally refers to a fretted and
  often long necked lute.
Tudor Gheorghe - musician




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBsk8OM3bUQ&feature=related
VIOARA (Violin)
 The modern violin arrived in Romania in the 18th century and is know by a
  variety of names; cetera - Transylvania, scripcar - Moldavia, lăuta  - Banat
  & Hunedoara. In Oltenia and Muntenia many different tuning systems
  were originally used for certain dance tunes, but these have mostly now
  been abandoned.
 In a few areas of west Transylvania a second standard violin is used
  rhythmic harmonic accompaniment. This is though of as the "old style"
  compared with the developments in central Transylvania.
 The second violin in the Transylvanian counties of Mureş, Bistriţa, and Cluj
  has only three strings.
 Known as contră or braci this was found by Bela Bartok (1914) and
  included in his written works in 1934. It is most probable that this
  development came about through the gypsy musicians of the central
  Transylvania taraf
taraf, Mureş, Transylvania



Oaş musicians


                                                taraf, Mihesu de
                                              Campie, Transylvania




    Contră,
  Transylvania
ȚAMBAL (the tsambaly)
 Records show the existence of the ţambal in 16th century in
  Romania, but it did not become popular until much later when it
   was taken up by the lăutari (gypsy musicians).
 The gypsy instrument, which can be played hung from the shoulders by
  straps, spread into the villages by the 20th century.
 The accompaniment formulae are relatively few and are generally
  rhythmical in Wallachia and Muntenia, and harmonic (arpeggios etc.) in
  Transylvania and Banat.
Accordion
 The accordion is dominating as the harmony accompaniment in most
  regions' village music, replacing the the cobza, cimbalom and contra,
  being preferred due to its strong sound.
 The majority of melody playing use of the accordion for dance music is in
  Muntenia. The best known accordionists recorded by Electrecord such as
  Fărâmiţa Lambru, Marcel Budală, and Ilie Udilă have a very smooth, but
  crisp style.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVE9iQkeCNk&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umFaQCvGFMU&feature=email
TRADITIONAL SONGS
                               DOINA
 The doina  is a free form lyrical song made up of a sequence of melodic
  elements ornamented and lengthened by the performer in a manner
  typical of the area. The doina is only found with the Romanians,
  throughout the whole of Romania, in vocal and instrumental versions, but
  is becoming rarer in Transylvania and Moldavia.
                                         http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
                                            1vPD9MBNsvM&feature=related
STRIGĂTURI (Rhythmic shouts in verses)
 Rhythmic shouts in verses are an integral part of Romanian folk dances.
 They take various forms depending on the locality of their origin but the
  act of shouting or crying out interjections in the form of rhyming couplets
  whilst dancing is a phenomenon unique to Romania.
 These shouts are spontaneous and the actual words used are frequently
  adapted to suit the ‘mood of the day’ generally making comment on life in
  the village or more recently in the stage performance group, or on
  characters in the village or the love lives of the participants or spectators.
 Strigături play a number of different roles in Romanian folk dances. They
  provide animation for the dance by adding to the atmosphere and
  entertainment value of the performance.
 They provide a rhythmic link between the accent of the verses and the
  rhythm of the dance steps, as the cadence of the strigături is the same as
  the cadence of the steps.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3ge7dzOM_Y&feature=related
Instruments and songs Romania

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Instruments and songs Romania

  • 1. Meeting in Bulgaria: 26.03.2012-30.03.2021
  • 2. Traditional Musical instruments PIPES STRINGS Fluier (Flute) - long or short 6 hole pipe Cobza - short necked lute of Moldavia Caval - long pipe with 5 finger holes and Wallachia Nai - the Romanian panpipe Violin Other pipes - Bucium (Alphorn), Ocarina, Flaute, Fifa REEDS Cimpoi - the Romanian bagpipe OTHER Clarinet - developed in the 1700's Accordion Saxophone - invented around 1840 by Brass and "fanfare" Adolphe Sax Taragot - invented by J Schunda, 1865
  • 3. FLUIER (Flute)  The common fluier is the equivalent to our tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter.  The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as thefluieras or trisca. Common fluier Bistriţa Arges musician, Dolj
  • 4. CAVAL  In Romanian the caval most often refers to the long flute with five finger holes in groups of two and three with a simple block mouthpiece.  It is found in Oltenia, Muntenia and south Moldavia. An old style of playing where the player growls whilst playing continues in remote areas and amongst the Hungarian Csango minorities in Moldavia.
  • 5. NAI (PANPIPE)  His most famous pupil being musicians Gheorghe Zamfir. The nai can now be found widely in gypsytarafs through Moldavia and Wallachia and most folk orchestras. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
  • 6. Flaute and piculine  Around the river Olt there are transverse flutes, like the concert flute or fife, with six or seven holes for the larger flaute and six holes for the smaller piculine.
  • 7. BUCIUM (Alpenhorn)  Is a big tube, opened at both ends and composed of long staves of fir, ash, lime or nut tree wood, very well dry. These stoves are tightened with wooden or metal circles.  In the Apuseni Mountain the alpenhorn is called �tulnic�.  In some regions it is played on the funerals.  In the past the alpenhorn was used for signaling the Turkish invasions.
  • 8. TARAGOT  The taragot was used in the Royal Hungarian Army, but is rarely found in Hungary now. A Banat musician, Luţa Ioviţă, who had played it in the army during World War I, returned to Banat (Romania) and introduced it there in the 1920s for dance music. This created a sensation, and eventually gave rise to a specific regional style.  Dumitru Farcaş, native to Maramureş, has made the taragot popular throughout Transylvania, and is probably the best known taragot player.
  • 9. COBZA  The cobza has a soft tone, most often tuned to D-A-D-G. It is generally used to accompany violins or pipes. Playing melodies is rare due to the short neck construction. Once widespread through Moldavia, Oltenia and Muntenia cobza have become rare in village music, but can be seen in many "folk orchestras". The cobza can also be found in the Csango minority villages of Moldavia.  We have the musician known as lăutar meaning lute player where lute is derived from the middle eastern oud but generally refers to a fretted and often long necked lute.
  • 10. Tudor Gheorghe - musician http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBsk8OM3bUQ&feature=related
  • 11. VIOARA (Violin)  The modern violin arrived in Romania in the 18th century and is know by a variety of names; cetera - Transylvania, scripcar - Moldavia, lăuta  - Banat & Hunedoara. In Oltenia and Muntenia many different tuning systems were originally used for certain dance tunes, but these have mostly now been abandoned.  In a few areas of west Transylvania a second standard violin is used rhythmic harmonic accompaniment. This is though of as the "old style" compared with the developments in central Transylvania.  The second violin in the Transylvanian counties of Mureş, Bistriţa, and Cluj has only three strings.  Known as contră or braci this was found by Bela Bartok (1914) and included in his written works in 1934. It is most probable that this development came about through the gypsy musicians of the central Transylvania taraf
  • 12. taraf, Mureş, Transylvania Oaş musicians taraf, Mihesu de Campie, Transylvania Contră, Transylvania
  • 13. ȚAMBAL (the tsambaly)  Records show the existence of the ţambal in 16th century in Romania, but it did not become popular until much later when it was taken up by the lăutari (gypsy musicians).  The gypsy instrument, which can be played hung from the shoulders by straps, spread into the villages by the 20th century.  The accompaniment formulae are relatively few and are generally rhythmical in Wallachia and Muntenia, and harmonic (arpeggios etc.) in Transylvania and Banat.
  • 14. Accordion  The accordion is dominating as the harmony accompaniment in most regions' village music, replacing the the cobza, cimbalom and contra, being preferred due to its strong sound.  The majority of melody playing use of the accordion for dance music is in Muntenia. The best known accordionists recorded by Electrecord such as Fărâmiţa Lambru, Marcel Budală, and Ilie Udilă have a very smooth, but crisp style.
  • 17. TRADITIONAL SONGS DOINA  The doina  is a free form lyrical song made up of a sequence of melodic elements ornamented and lengthened by the performer in a manner typical of the area. The doina is only found with the Romanians, throughout the whole of Romania, in vocal and instrumental versions, but is becoming rarer in Transylvania and Moldavia. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 1vPD9MBNsvM&feature=related
  • 18. STRIGĂTURI (Rhythmic shouts in verses)  Rhythmic shouts in verses are an integral part of Romanian folk dances.  They take various forms depending on the locality of their origin but the act of shouting or crying out interjections in the form of rhyming couplets whilst dancing is a phenomenon unique to Romania.  These shouts are spontaneous and the actual words used are frequently adapted to suit the ‘mood of the day’ generally making comment on life in the village or more recently in the stage performance group, or on characters in the village or the love lives of the participants or spectators.  Strigături play a number of different roles in Romanian folk dances. They provide animation for the dance by adding to the atmosphere and entertainment value of the performance.  They provide a rhythmic link between the accent of the verses and the rhythm of the dance steps, as the cadence of the strigături is the same as the cadence of the steps.