1. Dr. RAGHU PRASADA M S
MBBS,MD
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
SSIMS & RC.
1

2.  Germicides
 Antiseptics
 Disinfectants
 Sterilization
 Decontamination
 Sanitization
 Pasteurisation
 Preservation

3. DISINFECTANTS –are those germicides or chemical
substances which are used to destroy or inhibit the
growth of pathogenic vegetative bacteria (not their
spores) on inanimate (n0nliving )surfaces such such
as glassware or surgical instruments
 Ex. Formaldehyde, phenols, ethyl alcohol, soaps
ANTISEPTICS-are those germicides or chemical
substances which are used to destroy the
pathogenic bacteria (not the spores) on animate/
living) surfaces such as skin mucous membranes

4.  STERILIZATION- is the process that kills all the living
micro-organisms including spores, viruses and fungi.
 DECONTAMINATION- means marked reduction or
destruction of viable pathogenic organisms to a level
that will allow a healthy persons natural defenses to
prevent any infection.
 SANITATION- means reduction in microbial load
from an inanimate surface to a level set forth by
public health department.

5.  PASTEURISATION- is a process of heating milk or
other liquids or semisolids for about 30min at 60-80
c, which kills the non-sporulating micro-organisms
and prevents the growth of food borne pathogens
for specific period of time

6. Act by precipitating bacterial protiens
 Aldehydes –Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde
 Phenols –Cresol, Lysol, Chloroxylenol
 Alcohols –Ethyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Alcohol
 Heavy Metals- Silver Nitrate, Zinc Calamine

7.  Mercurial antiseptics-mercurochrome, nitromersol
Chlorophores-chlorinated lime, chloramine- T, sodium
hypochlorite
Iodophores –Povidine-iodine, Tincture iodine
Oxidising agents-Hydrogen peroxide, potassium
permanganate, peracetic acid

8.  Cationic surface active agents
 Chlorhexidine, Cetrimide, Cetylpyridinium Chloride,
Benzalkonium Chloride
Miscellaneous agents
Dyes-Acriflavine, Aminacrine, Gentian violet
Others –Nitrofurazone, Boric acid

9.  Spectrum-G+ve, G-ve, bact ’l spores, .
viruses, fungi
Formaldehyde-37% aqueous soln-formalin
4-5%-preserve dead tissues
-pungent odour ,sensitization
Glutaraldehyde-is pungent, used as immersion
disinfectant

10.  -broad spectrum –G+ve ,G-ve, tubercle baccilli,
viruses, fungi
 Cresol-is a mixture of methyl alcohol
 -surface disinfectant
 Lysol-50% soapy emulsion of cresol
 Chloroxylenol-Non-corrosive,
 Dettol -4.8% Chloroxylenol, 9% terpinol, 13%-
Alcohol

11.  Eugenol –antimicrobial and analgesic
Hexachlorophene-accumulates in skin,
-cutaneous absorption and neural toxicity
Triclosan-chlorinated biphenol antiseptic
Anti-inflammatory

12.  Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol
 Spectrum-G+ve, G-ve, tubercle baccilli, viruses,fungi
 -they are not sporicidal
 Damage-corneal tissue, mucous membrane,ulcers
HEAVY METALS-Thiomersal
 Silver nitrate eye drops,
 Silver sulfadiazine-suppress bacterial growth

13.  Zinc salts-mild antiseptics
 Zinc sulphate-eye drops
 Zinc oxide+calamine
Acts by complexing with sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups of
bacterial enzyme
Inorganic and organic
Mercurochrome-weak antiseptic
Nitromersol –also mercurial antiseptic

14.  Iodines and iodophores –rapidly acting broad
spectrum germicide.
 Its 1:20000 solution –kill vegetative bacteria
 Nearly ideal disinfectants
 Disadvantage of discolouring skin
 Soluble complexes of iodine-5%A-ulcers
 10%-disinfect endoscopies

15.  Chlorine –effective at 0.25 ppm
 Used to disinfect drinking water
 Sodium hypochlorite solution-(Naclo)
unstable, 5% -inanimate objects
Dakins solution-(surgical chlorinated soda solution )
Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)-30-35%

16.  Organic chlorophore, less irrritant, stable
 skin antisptic ,treatment of drinking water
Oxidising agents
Hydrogen peroxide
-broad spectrum germicide,cleaning wounds,
Abscesses, removing slough.
10-20%-sporicidal
H2O2 –respirators aclrylic resins

17.  Peracetic acid –prepared from h2o2 and acetic acid-
food processing industries
Potassium Permanganate
-it oxidises bacterial proteins and enzymes
1:5000 –bactericidal , gorgling, weeping eczema
It stains tissues and clothing
Act by altering the properties of bacterial cell
membrane
Cat ionic surface active agents-
Chlorhexidine-contains biguanide
Chlorhexidine+cetrimiide-savlon

18.  Benzalkonium chloride-1:1000-pre-operative
disinfection of intact skin
 1:10000 soln –for irrigation of bladder
Dequalinium chloride –antiseptic ,gum paint
Cetrimide -1-3%-roadside accident wounds
Antiseptic and disinfectant for surgical instruments
Anionic surface active agents-soaps,phosphate
detergents
Dyes-acriflavine –G+ve and gonococci
-non irritating,chronic ulcer dressing

19.  Gentian violet-roseaniline dye , G+ve bacteria and
fungi.0.5-1%-chronic ulcers
Furan derivatives
Nitrofurazone-G+ve, G-ve ,aerobic &anaerobic b’a,
inhibit carbohydate metabolism
0.2% cream –burn dressing
Boric acid-bacteristatic, weak antiseptic
bladder irrigation and burns dressing

20. THANK YOU
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