NCST: Basics of C#

1. BASICS OF C# 3rd June 2010

2. REASONS TO USE C# C# is simple. C# is modern. C# is object-oriented. C# is powerful and flexible. C# is a language of few words. C# is modular. C# is very popular.

3. NAMESPACES USED System This namespace include the core needs for programming. It includes base types like String, DateTime, Boolean, and so forth, support for environments such as the console, math functions, and base classes for attributes, exceptions, and arrays.

4. System.Collections Defines many common containers or collections used in programming, such as lists, queues, stacks, hashtables, and dictionaries. It includes support for generics.

5. System.IO Allows you to read from and write to different streams, such as files or other data streams. Also provides a connection to the file system.

6. System.Net Provides an interface "for many of the protocols used on networks today", such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. Secure communication is supported by protocols such as SSL.

7. System.Runtime Allows you to manage the runtime behavior of an application or the CLR. Some of the included abilities are interoping with COM or other native code, writing distributed applications, and serializing objects into binary or SOAP

8. System.Data This namespace represents the ADO.NET architecture, which is a set of computer software components that can be used by programmers to access data and data services.

9. System Namespace The root namespace for fundamental types in the .NET Framework Includes classes that represent the base data types used by all applications: Object (the root of the inheritance hierarchy), Byte Char Array Int32 String

12. Types in the .NET Framework All types in the .NET Framework are either value types or reference types. Value types are data types whose objects are represented by the object's actual value. If an instance of a value type is assigned to a variable, that variable is given a fresh copy of the value. Reference types are data types whose objects are represented by a reference (similar to a pointer) to the object's actual value. If a reference type is assigned to a variable, that variable references (points to) the original value. No copy is made. The common type system in the .NET Framework supports the following five categories of types: Classes Structures Enumerations Interfaces Delegates

13. CLASSES

14. Structures A structure is a value type that derives implicitly from System.ValueType, which in turn is derived from System.Object. A structure is very useful for representing values whose memory requirements are small, and for passing values as by-value parameters to methods that have strongly typed parameters. In the .NET Framework class library, all primitive data types (Boolean, Byte, Char, DateTime, Decimal, Double, Int16, Int32, Int64, SByte, Single, UInt16, UInt32, and UInt64) are defined as structures.

15. Enumerations An enumeration (enum) is a value type that inherits directly from System.Enum and that supplies alternate names for the values of an underlying primitive type. An enumeration type has a name, an underlying type that must be one of the built-in signed or unsigned integer types (such as Byte, Int32, or UInt64), and a set of fields. The fields are static literal fields, each of which represents a constant. The same value can be assigned to multiple fields. When this occurs, you must mark one of the values as the primary enumeration value for reflection and string conversion.

16. Type Definitions A type definition includes the following: Any attributes defined on the type. The type's accessibility (visibility). The type's name. The type's base type. Any interfaces implemented by the type. Definitions for each of the type's members.

17. Type Members The runtime enables you to define members of your type, which specifies the behavior and state of a type. Type members include the following: Fields Properties Methods Constructors Events Nested types