Llb ii pil u 2.4 amnesty-who & unesco
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LLB-II PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
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Llb ii pil u 2.4 amnesty-who & unesco
- 1. Amnesty internAtionAl And who, unesco Course: LLB II Subject : Public International Law Unit: 2
- 2. PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS What is Amnesty International? What does Amnesty do? Amnesty works Amnesty International U of O chapter
- 3. AT IS AMNESTY? Amnesty International is an international, non- governmental organization with the stated purpose of promoting all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards.
- 4. OUR VISION… A world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards
- 5. OUR MISSION… Prevent and end human rights abuses Promote freedom of conscience and expression Promote freedom from discrimination
- 6. SPECIFIC PURPOSES Free all prisoners of conscience Fair trial To abolish the death penalty and torture To end extrajudicial executions
- 7. WHAT DOES AMNESTY DO? Raise PublicRaise Public AwarenessAwareness Letter WritingLetter Writing Pressure governmentsPressure governments to end human rightsto end human rights abusesabuses
- 8. WHAT DOES AMNESTY DO? Mobilize expertsMobilize experts Search for factsSearch for facts from differentfrom different sourcessources Organize peacefulOrganize peaceful protestsprotests
- 9. AMNESTY WORKS!!! 2 million members – 150 countries 40,000 political prisoners have been freed worldwide Nobel Peace Prize for “contributing to securing ground for freedom, for justice, and thereby also for peace in the world”
- 10. AMNESTY WORKS!!! Ryan Matthews was just seventeen years old when charged with capital murder. He spent 5 years on Louisiana’s death row. The charges were dropped in August 2004. He is now, rightfully, a completely free man.
- 11. U of O CHAPTER Letter writing parties Educational movies Regional Conferences Fundraisers Radio Show Walk to stop Violence against Women Work with other student organizations Globalization week Candle lighting… Activities:
- 12. World Health Organization (WHO)
- 13. World health organization (WHO) • History : • The World Health Organization was established in 1948. Its stated aim was to attain higher levels of health for all people. To that end, the organization promotes public health measures like safe drinking water, good sanitation, immunization against possible disease, reduction of hunger and birth control. These are matters that WHO inherited from its predecessor, the Health Organization of the League of Nations. The World Health Organization was one of the U.N.'s first agencies and one of its key initiatives
- 14. World health organization (WHO) • Function • To combat issues like hunger, sanitation and disease, WHO is one of the world's fact-gathering organizations. WHO does not do its own research but encourages independent research in biomedical and health arenas throughout the world. The organization works with more than 500 international collaborating centers to collect and publish this research. WHO arranges international medical conferences and coordinates exchanges of researchers and medical workers who travel around the world to promote the organization's aims.
- 15. World health organization (WHO) • Geography and Organization: • The World Health Organization functions across the world. The organization's home office is in Geneva, but it is represented by more than 190 countries, or members. These members include almost all U.N. countries, along with two non-U.N. members. The organization's general assembly meets once a year to appoint leaders and consider financial policies for the coming year. WHO is financed by its member states, private donors and its private-sector partnerships
- 16. • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- 17. Around the globe ..... • 50 Field Offices • 10 Regional Bureaux • 21 National Offices • 2 Liaison Offices • 11 UNESCO Institutes and Centres
- 18. UNESCO’s origins • Initial idea floated during an Allied Ministerial Conference in London in 1942 • UNESCO Constitution signed by 30 countries represented at the London Conference in November 1945 • UNESCO set up in Paris in November 1946 • Now has 193 Member States + 6 Associate Members
- 19. UNESCO’s Mission • UNESCO’s fundamental mission: – " …………. to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations " Article 1(1) of UNESCO’s Constitution http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=6206&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
- 20. What UNESCO does … • Recommends the adoption of international agreements promoting the free flow of ideas • Cooperates in efforts to advance mutual knowledge and the understanding of peoples • Supports efforts to maintain, increase, and disseminate knowledge • Assists in the preservation of cultural patrimony and world heritage • Functions as a laboratory of ideas and a standard-setter on issues in its fields of competence • Helps Member States build their human and institutional capacities • Promotes international co-operation among Member States and Associate Members
- 21. UNESCO’s structure … • General Conference • Executive Board • Director-General • Secretariat
- 22. UNESCO Secretariat • Programme Sectors – Education – Natural Sciences – Social and Human Sciences – Culture – Communication and Information – Special Themes • Support Sectors – External Relations and Cooperation – Administration • Central Services – Secretariat of the General Conference – Secretariat of the Executive Board – Office of the Director General – Bureau of Strategic Planning – Bureau of the Budget – etc. etc . …… • Field Offices and Institutes
- 23. UNESCO’s main fields of action • Education, • Natural Sciences • Social and Human Sciences • Culture • Communication and Information • Also works on Special Themes – Gender – Poverty Eradication – HIV/AIDS – Heritage – Climate Change, etc. • Cooperates with UN Institutions and a range of other organisations in areas of common interest
- 24. UNESCO and Copyright .. • Universal Copyright Convention adopted under UNESCO’s aegis in 1952 • Awareness-raising and capacity-building projects • Information and training • Research in the field of copyright law • Works within the framework of the Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24468&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
- 25. Copyright Tools and Resources • Basic Notions about Copyright and Related Rights • What is Copyright? • Copyright Bulletin • Collection of National Copyright Laws • Anti-Piracy • UNESCO Chairs • Guide to the Collective Administration of Author’s Rights Conventions and Committees • Universal Copyright Convention • Intergovernmental Copyright Committee
- 26. Keeping track of information and events worldwide • Monitoring the press and the media • Online resources • Information supplied by UNESCO Field Offices and UNESCO Institutes worldwide • Information sent through HERMES system for cataloguing into UNESDOC by the Library • Personal and professional contacts • Rather decentralised approach – several UNESCO units are involved in searching for and managing information
- 27. Collection development on a budget • UNESCO a major publisher in its own right – UNESCO Library gets (or should get !!) all UNESCO publications • Library also benefits from donations of materials – individual books from interested academics through to occasional suites of furniture from generous governments • Prioritises spending on online services and periodicals, and important reference resources • Purchases materials where there is a clear relevance to UNESCO’s programmes and fields of interest • UN Purchasing Consortium – UNSEIAC – for online subscriptions (often with paper journals thrown in for free) • Money is tight – UNESCO targets spending on ‘frontline’ sectoral programmes rather than ‘support’ functions like the Library • Elaborate financial procedures and inflexible bureaucratic controls have caused practical difficulties when managing Library budgets
- 28. Reference • 1. http:// student.ozarks.edu (amnesty) • 2. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=3973&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html • 3. http://www.unesco.org/library • 4. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php- URL_ID=12313&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Notas del editor
- Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
- www.amnestyusa.org Amnesty International's vision is of a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards.
- In pursuit of this vision, AI's mission is to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of its work to promote all human rights. AI is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. It does not support or oppose any government or political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the victims whose rights it seeks to protect. It is concerned solely with the impartial protection of human rights.
- Amnesty International works independently and impartially to promote respect for all the human rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Amnesty International believes that human rights are interdependent and indivisible – all human rights should be enjoyed by all people at all times, and no one set of rights can be enjoyed at the expense of other rights. It concentrates on ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination.Historically, the main focus of Amnesty International's campaigning has been: to free all prisoners of conscience to ensure a prompt and fair trial for all political prisoners to abolish the death penalty, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment to end extrajudicial executions and "disappearances" to fight impunity by working to ensure perpetrators of such abuses are brought to justice in accordance with international standards Over the years Amnesty International has expanded this mandate to encompass human rights abuses committed by non governmental bodies and private individuals (non state actors). It opposes abuses by armed political groups (in control of territory or operating in opposition to governments), such as hostage taking, torture and unlawful killings. It opposes human rights abuses against civilians and non combatants by both sides during armed conflict. Amnesty International has also targeted abuses in the home or community where governments have been complicit or have failed to take effective action.
- http://www.amnesty.org.uk/amnesty/works.shtml We have a record of real achievement. We know this because the people we have been trying to help tell us that our pressure has had an effect. Sometimes governments are persuaded to change their laws and practices. Sometimes our solidarity keeps hope alive. Hope is a precious weapon for prisoners battling to survive, relatives trying to obtain justice on behalf of their loved ones or human rights defenders working in dangerous and isolated circumstances. Amnesty International (AI) works to improve human rights through the actions of ordinary people around the world. We have a record of real achievement. Prisoners of conscience are released. Death sentences are commuted. Torturers are brought to justice. Governments are persuaded to change their laws and practices. Sometimes our solidarity keeps hope alive. Hope is a precious weapon for prisoners battling to survive, relatives trying to obtain justice or human rights defenders bravely continuing their work despite danger and isolation.The people we have been trying to help often let us know that our pressure has had some effect and led to improvements. Some of their stories are told here. They show that, however bleak the situation, the actions of AI’s members and supporters can make a difference.http://www.amnesty.org.uk/amnesty/works.shtml
- http://www.amnesty.org.uk/amnesty/works.shtml We have a record of real achievement. We know this because the people we have been trying to help tell us that our pressure has had an effect. Sometimes governments are persuaded to change their laws and practices. Sometimes our solidarity keeps hope alive. Hope is a precious weapon for prisoners battling to survive, relatives trying to obtain justice on behalf of their loved ones or human rights defenders working in dangerous and isolated circumstances. Amnesty International (AI) works to improve human rights through the actions of ordinary people around the world. We have a record of real achievement. Prisoners of conscience are released. Death sentences are commuted. Torturers are brought to justice. Governments are persuaded to change their laws and practices. Sometimes our solidarity keeps hope alive. Hope is a precious weapon for prisoners battling to survive, relatives trying to obtain justice or human rights defenders bravely continuing their work despite danger and isolation.The people we have been trying to help often let us know that our pressure has had some effect and led to improvements. Some of their stories are told here. They show that, however bleak the situation, the actions of AI’s members and supporters can make a difference.http://www.amnesty.org.uk/amnesty/works.shtml