1. Power And Politics

2. Power
“ Power is the probability that one actor
within the relationship will be in a
position to carry out his own will despite
resistance.” Max Weber
“ Power refers to a capacity
that A has to influence the behavior of B
so that B does something he or she won’t
otherwise do.” - Barnard M. Bass

3. Nature of Power in Organizations
• Power: the capacity to influence the behavior of
others
• Power as a dirty word in the US (low power
distance)
• Power as a natural process in any group or
organization
• Power as an indispensable base of leadership

4. Bases of Power
Inter-Personal Power
• Coercive Power
• Reward Power
• Legitimate Power
• Referent Power
• Expert Power

5. Coercive power
It is the ability to punish or intimidate. It's often
said that unions eliminate management's ability
to sanction uncooperative employees. That may
be a bit of an exaggeration, but when collective
bargaining agreements state that management
can only terminate employees with cause,
management does have restricted ability to
coerce cooperation. Managers should use
coercion with great care anyway. Coercion only
motivates minimal cooperation and breeds
resentment

6. Reward power
It is the ability to provide incentives to
others if they will cooperate with you.
Managers who can affect their direct
reports' income, perks, job assignments,
etc. are able to offer rewards in exchange
for compliance. Having a high degree of
reward power really helps a manager
influence others

7. Legitimate
power
It allows leaders to motivate others simply because they
hold the leadership position. Sometimes we comply with
the wishes of a leader just because of the societal
expectations for us to do so
Legitimate power is not always very strong for
managers who are promoted to a position in which they
must supervise their former peers. If the former peers
have any difficulty adjusting to their managers' new
positions, legitimacy will be kind of weak.

8. Referent Power
• This power is known as chrismatic power
• It is based upon the attraction exerted by
one individual over another.
• This power develops out of admiration of
another and disire to be like that person.

9. Expert power
• Expert power is based on the perception
or belief that the person has some
relevant expertise or special knowledge
that others do not have.
• It is more of personal power rather than
organizational power.
• The subordinate view their leaders has
competent ,they would follow their leader.

10. Sources of Power
Power may be held through:
• Delegated authority (for example in the democratic
process)
• Social status
• Expertise (ability, skills) .
• Persuasion (direct, indirect, or subliminal)
• Knowledge
• Celebrity
• Force (law) (violence, military might, coercion).
• In relationships; domination/submissiveness

11. Politics
“ Politics refers to the structure and process
of the use of authority and power to affect
definition of goals, directions and the other
major parameters of the organization.
Decisions are not made in a rational or
formal way but rather through
compromise, accommodation and
bargaining.” M. L. Tushman

12. Organizational Politics
Organizational politics is the
process whereby individuals or
groups use whatever power
they can amass to influence
organizational decision in the
direction of their own interests

13. Organizational politics refer to
intentional behaviors that are
designed to enhance or protect a
person's influence and self-
interest. - Amos Drory and Tsilia
Romm

14. Factors influencing
political behavior
Individual factors Organizational factors
Expectations of success Promotion opportunities
High self –monitors Low trust
High match personality Role ambiguity
Favorable outcome

15. Thank you