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Bioelectricity& Excitable Tissue

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BIOELECTRICITY AND EXCITABLE TISSUE THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY AND HOW NERVES WORK www.freelivedoctor.com
THE RESTING CELL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
www.freelivedoctor.com
BIOELECTRICITY THE ORIGIN OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com
MOBILITY OF IONS DEPENDS ON HYDRATED SIZE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
IONS MOVE WITH THEIR HYDRATION SHELLS - + - + Hydration Shells - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + www.freelivedoctor.com Na + - + - + Cl - - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +
ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION BARRIER SEPARATES THE TWO SOLUTIONS www.freelivedoctor.com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION + - CHARGE SEPARATION = ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION + - BARRIER REMOVED + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL=CHARGE SEPARATION In water, without a membrane hydrated Chloride is smaller than hydrated Sodium, therefore faster: Cl - Na + The resulting separation of charge is called an ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL + - www.freelivedoctor.com
THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL M E M B R A N E Extracellular Fluid Intracellular Fluid Na + K + Sodium channel is less open causing sodium to be slower Potassium channel is more open causing potassium to be faster + - MEMRANE POTENTIAL (ABOUT 90 -120 mv) www.freelivedoctor.com
THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE RESTING CELL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
www.freelivedoctor.com
ACTIVE TRANSPORT ADP ATP www.freelivedoctor.com
ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES AN INPUT OF ENERGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
EXCITABLE TISSUES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE NERVE CELL CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON AXON HILLOCK AXON TERMINALS www.freelivedoctor.com
EXCITABLE TISSUES:THE ACTION POTENTIAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS FOR IONS FOR EACH CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THERE IS AN ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE WHICH WILL PRODUCE EQUILIBRIUM. AT EQUILIBRIUM NO NET ION FLOW OCCURS www.freelivedoctor.com
THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR POTASSIUM IS -90 mV + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL K + K + IN www.freelivedoctor.com
THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR SODIUM IS + 60 mV Na + Na + + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL IN OUT www.freelivedoctor.com
THE RESTING POTENTIAL IS NEAR THE POTASSIUM EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
EVENTS DURING EXCITATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
OPENING THE SODIUM CHANNELS ALLOWS SODIUM TO RUSH IN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
GRADED VS ALL OR NONE ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
www.freelivedoctor.com
www.freelivedoctor.com
PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL --+++ ++------ +++------------------ ---++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL -------- +++++ ++++++------- -----------++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
SALTATORY CONDUCTION +++++ -------- -------- +++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT MYELIN NODE OF RANVIER NODE OF RANVIER www.freelivedoctor.com
NORMALLY A NERVE IS EXCITED BY A SYNAPSE OR BY A RECEPTOR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME ••• www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS RESTING POTENTIAL EPSP TIME www.freelivedoctor.com IPSP
TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME TOO FAR APART IN TIME: NO SUMMATION www.freelivedoctor.com
TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME CLOSER IN TIME: SUMMATION BUT BELOW THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME STILL CLOSER IN TIME: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
EPSP-IPSP CANCELLATION www.freelivedoctor.com
NEURO TRANSMITTERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com

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Bioelectricity& Excitable Tissue

  • 1. BIOELECTRICITY AND EXCITABLE TISSUE THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY AND HOW NERVES WORK www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 2.
  • 4. BIOELECTRICITY THE ORIGIN OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 5.
  • 6. IONS MOVE WITH THEIR HYDRATION SHELLS - + - + Hydration Shells - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + www.freelivedoctor.com Na + - + - + Cl - - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +
  • 7. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION BARRIER SEPARATES THE TWO SOLUTIONS www.freelivedoctor.com + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
  • 8. ELECTRONEUTRAL DIFFUSSION + - CHARGE SEPARATION = ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com HIGH SALT CONCEMTRATION LOW SALT CONCEMTRATION + - BARRIER REMOVED + - + - + - + - + - + - + -
  • 9. ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL=CHARGE SEPARATION In water, without a membrane hydrated Chloride is smaller than hydrated Sodium, therefore faster: Cl - Na + The resulting separation of charge is called an ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL + - www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 10. THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL M E M B R A N E Extracellular Fluid Intracellular Fluid Na + K + Sodium channel is less open causing sodium to be slower Potassium channel is more open causing potassium to be faster + - MEMRANE POTENTIAL (ABOUT 90 -120 mv) www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 14. ACTIVE TRANSPORT ADP ATP www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. THE NERVE CELL CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON AXON HILLOCK AXON TERMINALS www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 18.
  • 19. EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS FOR IONS FOR EACH CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THERE IS AN ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE WHICH WILL PRODUCE EQUILIBRIUM. AT EQUILIBRIUM NO NET ION FLOW OCCURS www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 20. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR POTASSIUM IS -90 mV + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL K + K + IN www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 21. THE EQUILIBRIUM MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR SODIUM IS + 60 mV Na + Na + + - CONCENTRATION POTENTIAL IN OUT www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 28. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 29. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL +++++ -------- --------------------- +++++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 30. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL --+++ ++------ +++------------------ ---++++++++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 31. PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL -------- +++++ ++++++------- -----------++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 32. SALTATORY CONDUCTION +++++ -------- -------- +++++ AXON MEMBRANE INSIDE OUTSIDE ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZING CURRENT MYELIN NODE OF RANVIER NODE OF RANVIER www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 33.
  • 35.
  • 36. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 37. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 38. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 39. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 40. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME ••• www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 41. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 42. THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 43. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS RESTING POTENTIAL EPSP TIME www.freelivedoctor.com IPSP
  • 44. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME TOO FAR APART IN TIME: NO SUMMATION www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 45. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME CLOSER IN TIME: SUMMATION BUT BELOW THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 46. TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME STILL CLOSER IN TIME: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 47. SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD THRESHOLD www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 49.