15. Fick’s law of Diffusion (p 135) surface area x conc. gradient membrane resistance x membrane thickness rate of diffusion = depends on size and lipid-solubility of molecule and composition of lipid bilayer
29. Body Fluid Compartments: Critical Thinking Question What properties should a molecule have to be used as marker for one of the fluid compartments? Do total H 2 O; total EC and plasma. Then, how do you figure out ICF and interstitial fluid? ECF ICF
30. Competition and Saturation Glucose and fructose use same transport protein Saturation of carrier mediated transport: Fig 5-18 Fig 20
36. 3. Exocytosis Intracellular vesicle fuses with membrane Requires energy (ATP) and Ca 2+ Examples: large lipophobic molecule secretion; receptor insertion; waste removal
47. Osmolarity and Tonicity Comparison Compare to Fig 5-35 A is isosmotic to B A is hypotonic to B
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49. the end Electrical Disequilibrium and Resting Membrane Potential (pp.156-163) will be covered at the beginning of Ch 8
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Notas del editor
Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominate disease which occurs about 1 in every 500 people . The homozygous FH is more rare, occuring with the frequency of about 1 in a million. The statistics for the homozygous FH is not surprising though, since patients suffering from two alleles of this gene usually do not survive pass their teens. The condition of hypercholesterolemia in FH patients are detectable at birth or shortly thereafter. The cholesterol levels in heterozygous patients are between350 to 500 mg/dL, and in homozygous, the levels are between 700 to 1,200 mg/dL (see NCEP table for comparison).
large lipophobic molecule secretion: mucus and protein hormones
Ouabain = Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor – cannot penetrate through cell membrane.
Is osmosis the same as the diffusion of water? Almost but not exactly. -volume change Force (such as pressure) can oppose osmosis not diffusion
NaCl is considered to be functionally nonpenetrating, as it gets pumped out of cell as soon as it enters.
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