I used these slides to teach a class of 70 students from the Post Graduate Diploma and the Masters Programme in Information Systems, in the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. August, 2008

1. eGovernment Interoperability
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2. What, Why, How, Who
Interoperability: as a concept
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3. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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4. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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5. Definition
“...The ability of two or more diverse government information and
communications technology (ICT) systems or components to meaningfully
and seamlessly exchange information and use the information that has been
exchanged...”
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6. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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7. Demands on governments
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Enhanced efficiency and effectiveness
●
Improved delivery of basic public services
●
Increased transparency and accountability
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8. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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9. Expectations
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Better decisions
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Better public services
●
Better governance
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10. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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11. Realization
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Through standards
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Through architecture
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12. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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13. Characteristics of open standards Open standards enables
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Easy accessibility for all to read and use ●
Avoid vendor lock­in
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Developed by a process that is open and ●
Wide technology choices
relatively easy for anyone to participate in; ●
Tapping technology cost reduction
and
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No control or tie­in by any specific group
and vendor
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14. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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15. Design fit
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Framework based/flexible
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Standards oriented
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Open but aligned
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Industry maturity
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Clearly defined governance model
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16. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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17. Involvement
●
Stakeholders
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Lead agency
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Decision makers
●
Technical personnel
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18. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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19. Resource needs
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Funding for institutions
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Appropriate skill sets in government
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20. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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21. Role for policy makers
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Vision
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Political sponsorship
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22. Agenda
What is e­government interoperability?
Why is e­government interoperability important?
What would e­government interoperability accomplish?
How is e­government interoperability realized?
What are open standards? What role do they play in e­government interoperability?
What makes a well­designed GIF/EA?
Who should be involved in GIF/EA development?
What resources are needed to develop and implement a GIF/EA?
What is the role of policy makers in ensuring e­government interoperability?
What are the important lessons to remember about e­government interoperability?
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23. Take away
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It's not technology only (It's a mix­Vision, Policy, Strategy)
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It's an iterative, open and inclusive process
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Required to have an inter­agency support organization
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24. Synthesis
GIF/Architecture
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25. Agenda
Standards approach to interoperability
Architectural approach to interoperability
Conclusion
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26. Agenda
Standards approach to interoperability
Architectural approach to interoperability
Conclusion
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27. Standards approach to interoperability::The GIF ­ Content organization
1 2 3 4 5
Context Standards Development Implementation Compliance
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28. 1 2 3 4 5
Context Standards Development Implementation Compliance
Context:
Definition of GIF
Aim of the document
Principles that supports the selection of standards (Interoperability, Scalability, Re­usability,
Openness, Market support, Security, Privacy, Accessibility, Multilingualism, Transparency)
Scope and limitations
Organizations bound by specifications of the GIF
Relationship of the GIF with other documents/policies
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29. 1 2 3 4 5
Context Standards Development Implementation Compliance
Standards:
Categories (process, semantic and technical)
Basis (diversity and democratic participation, openness and transparency, IPR constraints, access and security)
Maturity and obsolescence (Emerging, Current, Fading)
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30. 1 2 3 4 5
Context Standards Development Implementation Compliance
Development:
Creation and revisions
Actors (Lead organization, secretariat, working groups)
Process documentations
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31. 1 2 3 4 5
Context Standards Development Implementation Compliance
Implementation and Compliance:
Organization responsibility
Compliance and enforcement
Capacity development
Measures of success
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32. Agenda
Standards approach to interoperability
Architectural approach to interoperability
Conclusion
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33. Architectural approach to interoperability: (Challenging the way information systems are
organized and governed in public sector and calls for a broader definition of interoperability)
EA, NEA, and SOA
Objectives (Administrative reforms and interoperability)
Principles (balance between excessive and no control)
Technical content (Reference models­Performance, Business, Service Component,
Technical and Data (US­Gov))
Development and design (need based, cost effective, flexible)
Implementation and governance (Communication, Cooperation, Incentives, Political
leadership)
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34. Agenda
Standards approach to interoperability
Architectural approach to interoperability
Conclusion
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35. Conclusion:
GIF or A (EA/SOA),
what matters actually is policy
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36. Comparison
Countries
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37. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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38. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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39. GIFs from seven countries:
1. Australia
2. Brazil
3. Denmark
4. Germany
5. Malaysia
6. New Zealand
7. United Kingdom
and
European Union
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40. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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41. Comparative content organization of selected GIFs
Technical Development Implementation &
Context
Content Process Compliance
Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
EU N/A
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42. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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43. Standards selection principles for selected GIFs
Market
Interoperability Scalability Re­usability Openness Security Privacy
Support
Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany
Malaysia
New Zealand N/A
UK
EU
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44. Scope of selected GIFs
G2G G2C G2B G2Orgs G2OG Other
Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
EU N/A
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45. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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46. Technical Content: Two distinct approaches: one common thread
1. Clustering based on layers – Focus in only on the technical dimension:
Followed by 6 out of 8
2. Clustering based on Services or Life Events – Focus is on all three dimensions:
organizational,
data/semantic, and
technical
Followed by 2 out of 8
The common thread: Open standards
Life cycle of standards: Emerging, Current and Fading
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47. Approach 1: Interoperability layers for selected GIFs
Information Standards for
Data
Interconnection Metadata access & Business Webservices Security
Integration
Presentation areas
Australia
Brazil
Denmark
Germany N/A
Malaysia
New Zealand
UK
EU N/A
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48. Approach 2: Interoperability life events for selected GIFs
Services included under the GIF
Around 400 services were identified for the different federal administrations. An analysis
Germany of the services along the value chain made it possible to identify 8 service types. 73% of
the services used today belong to the three following types:
• Capturing, processing and providing information;
• Processing applications and requests sent to an administration office; and
• Processing subsidy and assistance applications.
Income taxes, job search, social security contribution, personal documents, car
EU registration, permits, certificates, enrollment, announcement of relocation, health­related
services.
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49. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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50. The GIF Authoring Process:
The lead authorities assigned to develop GIFs in five of the seven countries are the
offices in charge of public administration!
The bulk of the policy work goes to the designated secretariat and the working groups
The lead authorities are mainly responsible for approving and implementing the GIF
document
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51. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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52. Validity for selected GIFs
Status
Australia Guidelines
Brazil Mandatory
Denmark Guidelines
Germany Guidelines
Malaysia Mandatory
New Zealand Mandatory
UK Mandatory
EU N/A
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53. Ensuring compliance with the GIF.
Measures include:
•
Adopting GIF specifications as an agency policy;
•
Drafting a GIF compliance road map or a migration policy;
•
Self­regulating the system owner and departmental checking;
•
Providing a decision­support tool or service for public officials who will design IT projects; and
•
Recommending GIF conformity in the bidding process. (In Germany, preference in the bidding
process is given to those who are GIF­compliant.)
Only the UK and Germany include penalties for non­compliance.
Penalties include:
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Possible withholding of project approval or funding;
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Refused connection to government networks; and/or
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Possible discrimination in procurement biddings for suppliers.
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54. Agenda
Introduction
Content of GIFs
Context
Technical Content
The GIF Authoring Process
Implementation and Compliance
Conclusion
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55. Conclusion:
No two GIFs are the same. However, there are best practices emerging, such as Open
standards. Governments in the process of developing GIFs may learn from others.
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56. Find the source publications at
http://www.apdip.net/projects/gif
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57. Thank you!
Rajiv Ranjan <rajiv.r.in@gmail.com>
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