by me:)

1. Bone tumor University of duhok/ Kurdistan College of nursing Prepared By students: 1.Raveen Ismail 2.Kajeen Salih 3.Rojan Abdullah 3/4/2011

2. My Objectives Simple introduction about skeletal system Definition of bone tumor Bone tumor Classification Deference between malignant and benign bone tumor The staging of bone tumor Clinical features ,causes ,complications ,risk factors of bone tumor Diagnostic tests for bone tumor, treatment , epidemiology for bone tumor in united state Applying nursing process for patient with bone tumor ,home care

3. The Skeletal System The skeleton is the name given to the collection of bones that holds our body up. It does three major jobs. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lungs. It gives us the shape that we have It allows us to move.. . When we were born our skeleton had around 350 bones. By the time we become an adult, we will only have around 206 bones Introduction

4. Bone comes in several shapes and sizes the structure and composition of bone is the same in all. Bone is composed of protein , minerals and cells. The main part are: shaft neck head

7. Ennekingdescribed the most widely used staging system for (benign bone tumors ) The stages are denoted by the Arabic numerals 1, 2, and 3, whereas malignant bone tumors are classified by Roman numerals (I, II, III). Many benign bone tumors have the potential to present at, and progress through, various stages during their disease course. Stage of benign tumors

9. Stage 2-ACTIVE, lesion deform the host bone but remain contained in bone, require intralesional curettage.

10. Stage 3-AGGRESSIVE , tumor extend beyond the bone, require complete work-up and a removal with wide margins to avoid possible local recurrence. Stage of benign bone tumors

13. Stage IB is G1 and extra-compartmental

14. Stage IIA is G2 and Intra-compartmental

15. Stage IIB is G2 and extra-compartmental

16. Stage III is G1 or G2, intra- or extra-compartmental, and has evidence of metastasisStage of malignant bone tumors

17. Classification

21. Movement problems Stiff bones Bone lumps and masses Bone tenderness Anemia Weight loss, Fatigue Bone pain, may be worse at night fevers and night sweats Bone fracture, especially fracture from slight injury (trauma) Note ! Some benign tumors have no symptoms Clinical features

23. Inherited genetic mutations

24. Radiation

25. TraumaCauses

26. Delayed wound healing Nutritional deficiency Infection Hypercalcaemia muscle wasting, bone weakening pathological fracture temporary burn to the skin and fatigue from radiation therapy Complications

27. Complications 8. nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, hair loss, and lowered resistance to infection from chemotherapy. 9. infection of the surgical site and possible blood clotting disturbances from surgery. 10. Pain 11. Spread of the cancer to other nearby tissues (metastasis)

29. Bone biopsy

30. Bone scan computed tomography (CT).

31. MRI( magnetic resonance imaging )

32. X-ray of bone

33. CT scanDiagnosis & Tests

38. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses high-dose x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. may be given either before or after surgery Local therapy

40. Rotationplasty

41. Bone graft

42. Artificial boneLocal therapy removes all or part of an arm or leg when the tumor is large and/or nerves and blood vessels are involved. is a form of amputation, in which the patient's foot is turned upwards in a 180 degree turn and the upturned foot is used as a knee. affected bone is removed, bone from elsewhere from the body is taken. affected bone is removed, putting an artificial bone in.

44. analgesicsEx. Biphosphonates are drugs that can be used to reduce bone pain and slow down bone damage in people who have cancer that has spread to their bones,increase bone strength Ex. Metastron also known as strontium-89 chloride is an intravenous medication given to help with the pain and can be given in three month intervals Pain medications

45. Age: Bone tumor are more common in children and young adults when bones grow rapidly The incidence of bone cancer is higher in families with familial cancer syndromes. The incidence of bone cancer in children is approximately 5 cases per million children each year , in united states Epidemiology

47. Nursing diagnosis

48. Nursing planning

49. Nursing Implementation

50. Nursing evaluationNursing process

52. 1

53. 2

54. 3

55. 4

56. 5

57. Home care

59. http:// www.wekipedia.org

60. http://www.bonetumor.org

61. help.com/Bonetumors.htmReferences