Immuniztion Schesule

1. IMMUNIZATION
Rahul Dhaker, Lecturer
PCNMS- Haldwani

2. • Immunization is a process of protecting an
individual from a disease through introduction of
live, or killed or attenuated organisms in the
individual system. Immunization against vaccine-
preventable diseases is essential to reduce the
child mortality, morbidity and handicapped
condition.

3. Six Killer disease
• Pertussis,
• Tetanus
• Measles
• Poliomyelitis,
• Tuberculosis,
• Diphtheria,

4. Immunizing agents
• Vaccines
• Immunoglobulin
• Antisera or Antitoxins

5. Vaccines
• vaccines are immune-biological substance which
produce specific protection against a given
disease.
• It stimulate active production of protective
antibody and other immune mechanisms.
• Vaccines are prepared from live attenuated
organisms and killed attenuated vaccines

6. Cont…
• Live attenuated vaccines-
– Bacterial- BCG, Typhoid(oral), Plague
– Viral- oral polio, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow
fever, influenza
– Rickettisal- Epi. Typhus.
• Killed vaccines –
– Bacterial- pertussis, typhoid, cholera,
– Viral- Rabies, Hepatitis B, Influenza, Japanese
encephalitis
– Combinations- DTP, MMR, DT, Hib-Hep B,

7. Immunoglobulin
• the human immunoglobulin (Ig) system is
composed of 5 major classes (IgG, IgM, IgA,
IgD, & IgE) and subclasses within them.

8. Antisera or Antitoxins
• The term antisera is applied to the material
prepared in animal. Organically passive immunity
was achieved by the administration of antisera or
antitoxins prepared from non- human sources like
horse.
– Bacterial- Diphtheria, tetanus, Gas gangrene
– Viral- Rabies.

9. National immunization Schedule
• Immunization schedule should be planned
according to the needs of the community.
• It must be effective, feasible and acceptable by the
community. Every country has its own
immunization schedule.
•The WHO launched global immunization program
in 1974, known as Expended program on
Immunization(EPI) to protect all children of the
world against six killer disease.

10. Cont…
• In INDIA EPI was launched in January 1978.
• The EPI is now renamed as Universal Child
Immunization, as per declaration sponsored by
UNICEF.
• IN India, it is called as Universal Immunization
Program(UIP) and was launched in 1985,
November, for the universal coverage of
immunization to the eligible population.

11. Cont….
• The Global Alliance for Vaccines and
Immunization (GAVI) is worldwide coalition of
organization, established in 1990.
• GAVI is collaborative mission of of Govt., NGOs,
UNICEF, WHO and World Bank.

12. National Immunization
Schedule