Class IV Food- Basic Need, www.learnroots.com

1. FOOD-Our Basic Need
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2. Nutrients present in the Food
 All living beings need food.
 Food gives us energy for doing activities and help us to
grow.
 Nutrients are substances in our food that are required
by our body to keep it healthy and grow strong.
 Food items mainly contain five types of nutrients
.They are
1. Starch or Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
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3. Carbohydrates
 Food items like fruits, vegetables, cereals and bread
gives us a lot of energy. They contain carbohydrates.
 Food items rich in carbohydrates are called energy-
giving foods
 Potatoes,Bananas,Yam etc. contain a lot of starch.
 Jaggery, sugar, honey, dates contain carbohydrates that
are sweet.
Form of food Available in Time required to
give energy
Sugar Sugar, Jaggery, Fruits Immediately
Starch materials Rice,Bread,Potatoes Retain energy for
some hours
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4. Fats
 Food items like oil,nut,ghee and butter gives us more
energy than food items rich in carbohydrates. These
food items contain fats.
 Fats give energy and heat to our body.
 Our body need very little fat and extra fat is stored in
body for later use.
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5. Proteins
 Proteins are body building substances.
 They are needed by our body for building muscles,
growth and repair.
Food item rich in proteins
1 Milk, cheese, pulses, black gram, yellow
gram ,Soya
2 Egg, Fish, meat
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6. Vitamins & Minerals
 Vitamins and Minerals protect us from diseases and
keep us fit and healthy. They are called protective
foods.
 Food items like fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, egg
and peanuts are rich in vitamins and minerals.
 Shortage of vitamins will reduce resistance power of
our body.
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7. Vitamins & Minerals
Mineral Function Food items
Iron Helps in formation of blood Leafy vegetables, jaggery
ragi, beetroot, apple and
carrot .
Calcium Helps in formation of bones and teeth Milk, curd, almond and
cheese.
• Calcium,iron,potassium,iodine and sodium are
examples of minerals.
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8. Roughage and water
 Food items like cereals, fresh vegetables , fruits and
salads cannot be digested by the body.
 The part of the plant food that cannot be digested is
called roughage. It helps to remove waste materials
from our body.
 Water is necessary for proper digestion, for eliminating
waste material from our body and for proper
utilisation of the nutrients.
 Our body contains 2/3 of water.
 Our body needs at least three litres of water every day.
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9. Balanced Diet
 A diet that has all the nutrients in the right amount,
roughage and water is called balanced diet.
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10. Preservation of food
Preservation of food is a method to prevent food from
getting spoilt.
 Drying : Removing water content of food. Drying gapes to get raisins.
 Pickling : Mixing fruits and vegetables with salt and oil. Ex. Mixing
mango, lime with oil and salt.
 Refrigeration : Keeping food in fridge to preserve for short time.
 Deep Freezing : Keep food in freezer to preserve for longer time. Ex.
Keeping meat and fish in freezer.
 Canning and bottling : Storing food in cans and bottle. Ex.
Bottling of sauces and jams.
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11. Rest, Posture and exercise
 Our body need rest for proper functioning. We need 6-
8 hours of sleep in a day.
 Posture refers to body position. Incorrect postures over
a long period of time can lead to pain in joints and
muscles.
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