Estorco, Clar Llave, Krystalyn Perez, Reiss Ramirez, Ian

1. Diarthroti
c Joints
Estorco, Clar
Llave, Krystalyn
Perez, Reiss
Ramirez, Ian

2. Classification of Joints
• (1) Fibrous joints • These joints are also known as:
• Dense connective tissues • Synarthrotic joints
connect bones • Considered immovable
• Between bones in close contact • Amphiarthrotic joints
• Slightly movable
• (2) Cartilaginous joints • Diarthrotic joints
• Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage • Freely movable
connect bones
• (3) Synovial joints
• Most complex
• Allow free movement
2

3. (diarthrosis)- freely moveable
pelvis
ligaments
femur

4. hyaline
cartilage
synovial
cavity
femur

5. Shoulder joint
•Ligaments prevent
displacement
• Very wide range of
movement
(circumduction)

6. Elbow joint
•Flexion and extension
• Many reinforcing
ligaments
• Stable joint

7. The Hip Joint
• Many reinforcing
ligaments
• Less freedom of
movement than
shoulder joint
• Circumduction

8. The Knee Joint
• Femur articulates
anteriorly with patella
• Strengthened by many
ligaments and tendons

9. • Complex Joint
• Articular disc
• Gliding above disc
• Hinge below disc
• Movements:
- depression
- elevation
- protraction
- retraction

10. • Planar Joint
• Hinge Joint
• Pivot Joint
• Saddle Joint
• Ball & Socket Joint
• Condyloid or Ellipsoid Joint

12. • Convex surface of bone fits in concave
surface of 2nd bone
• Unixlateral like a door hinge
• Examples:
- Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
• Movements produced:
- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension

13. • Bone surfaces are slightly curved
• Side to side movement only
• Rotation prevented by ligaments
• Examples:
- intercarpal to intertarsal joints
- sternoclavicular joint
- vertebrocostal joints

14. • Rounded surface of bone
articulates with the ring
formed by the 2nd bone &
ligament
• Monoaxial since it only
allows rotation around
longitudinal axis
• Examples:
- proximal radioulnar joint
- supination
- pronation
- atlanto-axial joint
- Turning head side to
side “no”

15. • One bone saddle-shaped, other bone
fits like a person riding on the saddle
• Biaxial
- circumduction allows the tip of the
thumb to travel in a circle
- Opposition allows thumb to touch
tip of other fingers
• Examples:
- Trapezium of carpus and
metacarple of thumb

16. • Ball fitting into a cup-like depression
• Multiaxial
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- rotation
• Examples:
- shoulder joint
- hip joint

17. • Oval-shaped depression fits into oval
depression
• Biaxial= flex/extend or adduct/abduct is
possible
• Examples:
- Wrist and metacarpophelangeal joints for
2 to 5 digits

18. Figure 8.5a Movements allowed by synovial
joints.
Gliding
(a) Gliding movements at the wrist

19. Figure 8.5b Movements allowed by synovial
joints.
Hyperextension Extension
Flexion
(b) Angular movements: flexion, extension, and
hyperextension of the neck

23. Figure 8.5e Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Abduction
Adduction Circumduction
(e) Angular movements: abduction, adduction, and
circumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder

24. Figure 8.5f Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Rotation
Lateral
rotation
Medial
rotation
(f) Rotation of the head, neck, and lower limb

25. Figure 8.6a Special body movements.
Pronation Supination
(radius (radius and
rotates ulna are
over ulna) parallel)
(a) Pronation (P) and supination (S)

26. Figure 8.6b Special body movements.
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
(b) Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

27. Figure 8.6c Special body movements.
Inversion Eversion
(c) Inversion and eversion

28. Figure 8.6d Special body movements.
Protraction Retraction
of mandible of mandible
(d) Protraction and retraction

29. Figure 8.6e Special body movements.
Elevation Depression
of mandible of mandible
(e) Elevation and depression

30. Figure 8.6f Special body movements.
Opposition
(f) Opposition

31. Type of joint movement:
• Flexion- bent knee
• Extension- extend knee
• Hyperextension- bring leg back
• Dorsi flexion- heal
• Plantar flexion- toe
• Abduction- leg out
• Adduction-leg in
• Rotation- twisting
• Circumduction- circular motion
• Supination- palm up
• Pronation- palm down
• Eversion- foot out
• Inversion- foot in
• Protraction- chin forward
• Retraction- chin back
• Elevation- shoulders up
• Depression- shoulders down