Actionable trade ideas for stock market investors and traders seeking alpha by overlaying their portfolios with options, other derivatives, ETFs, and disciplined and applied Game Theory for hedge fund managers and other active fund managers worldwide. Ryan Renicker, CFA
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Shopping for Volatility During Retailers' Same Store Sales
1. February 28, 2006
Equity Volatility Snapshot
Ryan Renicker, CFA
1.212.526.9425
Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
ryan.renicker@lehman.com
Devapriya Mallick • We examine historical changes in implied and realized volatility in response to same-store sales
1.212.526.5429 announcements. We find that retail sales day, on average, tends to lead to relatively large price
dmallik@lehman.com moves for retailers. However, implied volatility reacts less than we would have anticipated.
• Broadline retailers have had the most muted reaction while Softline stocks have been most volatile
in response to monthly sales reports.
• The February sales report has been among the less important catalysts in comparison to same-store
sale reports in other months.
• We update our Volatility Screen to identify stocks possibly having rich or cheap options.
Lehman Brothers does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of
interest that could affect the objectivity of this report.
Customers of Lehman Brothers in the United States can receive independent, third-party research on the company or companies covered in this report, at no cost to them,
where such research is available. Customers can access this independent research at www.lehmanlive.com or can call 1-800-2LEHMAN to request a copy of this research.
Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.
PLEASE SEE ANALYST(S) CERTIFICATION AND IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES BEGINNING ON PAGE 6.
2. Equity Derivatives Strategy | Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
Market Accurately Prices in Retail Sales Risk?
Retail companies typically report monthly sales on the first Thursday of every month. This report includes
same-store sales (SSS) for stores that have been open for at least one year. Changes in same-store
sales is a closely-watched indicator and can be an important catalyst for retailing stocks, since it
allows analysts and investors to determine how the companies’ sales are growing on a relative (or
organic) basis. The majority of retailers will be reporting their February sales results on this Thursday.
In this note, we examine historical changes in implied and realized volatility in response to same-store
sales announcements. Our universe includes retailing stocks that issue monthly same-store sales reports
and are currently covered by Lehman Brothers Equity Research analysts. Our backtests include data
from Jan. 2003 – Dec. 2005.
As Figure 1 illustrates, the weighted-average absolute return for retail stocks (weighted by market cap)
tends to be about 0.5% higher the day of the SSS announcement relative to the days surrounding it.
On the other hand, the absolute reaction for the Retail HOLDRS Trust (RTH) is relatively low, largely
since some of its highly-weighted constituents (e.g. HD, LOW) have not historically provided monthly
same-store sales results. We also find that the average 1-month implied volatility1 of retail stocks tends
to increase marginally during the days leading up to the announcement, an indication that option
market participants begin to price in incrementally higher risk expectations for the SSS event as it
approaches (Figure 2).
Figure 1: Avg. Stock Price Reaction to SSS Announcements Figure 2: 1-Month Implied Vol. Ahead of SSS Releases
1.7% 27.0% 21%
Weighted Avg Absolute Return Average Implied Vol (1m)
Wtd. Avg. 1-M IVOL (single-stocks)
1.5% RTH Absolute Return RTH Implied Vol (1m)
26.5%
Absolute 1-Day Return
1-Month IVOL (RTH)
1.3%
26.0%
1.1% 20%
25.5%
0.9%
25.0%
0.7%
0.5% 24.5% 19%
t-4 t-3 t-2 t-1 t t+1 t-5 t-4 t-3 t-2 t-1 t
Days from SSS Announcem ent Days from SSS Announcem ent
Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics
This average increase in implied volatility is less than what we expected, given the relatively high
absolute returns (realized volatility) retail stocks tend to have after they release SSS figures. Thus, we
believe going long gamma in retail stocks ahead of their SSS reports, and closing out this position on
the following day, would have been a profitable trading strategy during the past 3 years (on average).
However, since the figures above represent aggregate averages, the degree to which retail sales
announcements will ultimately impact an individual stock or even a sub-sector can vary dramatically.
1
We use the constant-maturity 1-month implied volatility to eliminate the effect of changing time to expiration on implied
volatility.
February 28, 2006 2
3. Equity Derivatives Strategy | Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
Reactions Vary by Sub-Sector
In this section, we analyze average absolute stock price returns and changes in 1-month implied
volatility across each of the Retailing sub-sectors. As Figure 3 illustrates, Broadlines had the smallest
absolute reaction to the SSS report. We believe this is driven by a couple of factors. First, the
Broadlines sub-sector has a few large cap names (e.g. WMT, TGT) accounting for a large proportion
of its total weight. Second, some companies in this group have historically provided sales reports or
guidance during the month, reducing the impact of the monthly SSS announcement.
On the other hand, Softline retailers (e.g. GPS, AEOS) tend to have the highest absolute price reaction
and change in implied volatility, since sales data for these stocks tends to have more variability.
Figure 3: Same Store Sales Impact by Sub-sector Figure 4: Muted Reaction to February Sales
2.4%
2.2%
Average Absolute Return
Muted Reaction
2.0% to February
SSS
Avg. Absolute 1-day Return Avg. 1-Month Implied Vol 1.8%
Day Immediately Immediately
SSS Day After 1.6%
Before Prior to SSS After SSS
Day SSS
SSS Day Day
1.4%
Broadlines 0.9% 1.2% 1.0% 23.6% 23.4%
Department Stores 1.1% 2.4% 1.3% 33.8% 33.1% 1.2%
Food & Drug Retailing 1.0% 1.4% 1.0% 23.4% 23.2%
Softlines 1.2% 3.0% 1.3% 33.3% 32.5% 1.0%
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Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics
February Sales Generally not That Important
Figure 4 explores the seasonality of reactions to same-store sales reports. We find that, as expected,
the absolute price reaction is highest for the January SSS release, which includes sales information for
the December holiday season. The price reaction in response to February sales is among the lower
ones for the entire year. This is not surprising, since February is usually a cold month with fewer
shopping days and is generally not considered to be an important month for apparel purchases.
February 28, 2006 3
4. Equity Derivatives Strategy | Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
Lehman Brothers Volatility Screen
We update the list of stocks identified by the Lehman Brothers Volatility Screen as possibly having rich
or cheap options. This screen allows investors to identify potentially rich or cheap one or three month
options to efficiently express directional views on the underlying stock or identify attractive long or short
volatility candidates. In Figure 5, we present the current list of stocks having relatively rich options.
Figure 5: Stocks Displaying “Rich” Volatility Characteristics
Std Devs from Std Devs from Std Devs from
Lehman Expected 3-Month
Lehman Mean (3-Month Mean (3-Month Mean (3-Month
Ticker Name GICS Sector Company Price Earnings Implied Rich/Cheap
Sector View Implied vs Implied vs Implied vs S&P
Rating Date Volatility
Realized) Sector) 500)
ACV ALBERTO-CULVER CO Consumer Staples 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 46.11 4/28/2006 24% 1.4 1.8 2.0 Rich
AGN ALLERGAN INC Health Care 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 111.33 4/27/2006 24% 1.7 2.1 1.4 Rich
AMH AMERUS GROUP CO Financials 1-Overweight 2-Neutral 61.10 4/26/2006 23% 1.6 1.4 1.3 Rich
AT ALLTEL CORP Telecommunication Servic1-Overweight 1-Positive 63.76 4/21/2006 20% 1.0 1.3 1.8 Rich
BKH BLACK HILLS CORP Utilities RS-Rating Suspe2-Neutral 35.41 5/9/2006 22% 1.4 2.4 1.6 Rich
BTU PEABODY ENERGY CORP Energy 1-Overweight 1-Positive 49.07 4/19/2006 45% 1.0 1.7 1.8 Rich
CAKE CHEESECAKE FACTORY (THE) Consumer Discretionary 2-Equal weight 2-Neutral 36.25 4/19/2006 29% 2.1 1.6 1.7 Rich
CHS CHICO'S FAS INC Consumer Discretionary 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 47.32 3/1/2006 37% 1.7 1.1 1.1 Rich
CYT CYTEC INDUSTRIES INC Materials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 53.25 5/5/2006 31% 1.3 1.9 2.3 Rich
DNB DUN & BRADSTREET CORP Industrials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 73.42 4/26/2006 21% 1.6 1.4 1.7 Rich
EOP EQUITY OFFICE PROPERTIES TR Financials 3-Underweight 2-Neutral 31.00 4/28/2006 22% 1.6 1.5 1.3 Rich
ETM ENTERCOM COMMUNICATIONS C Consumer Discretionary 2-Equal weight 3-Negative 28.11 5/9/2006 26% 1.5 1.0 1.3 Rich
GM GENERAL MOTORS CORP Consumer Discretionary 2-Equal weight 3-Negative 20.11 4/19/2006 67% 1.4 1.9 1.8 Rich
HNZ HJ HEINZ CO Consumer Staples 2-Equal weight 3-Negative 37.60 2/28/2006 18% 1.7 2.3 1.9 Rich
JP JEFFERSON-PILOT CORP Financials RS-Rating Suspe2-Neutral 60.95 4/27/2006 28% 3.5 4.2 4.0 Rich
KRI KNIGHT RIDDER INC Consumer Discretionary 3-Underweight 3-Negative 61.13 4/13/2006 26% 3.8 2.6 2.2 Rich
LEA LEAR CORP Consumer Discretionary 3-Underweight 3-Negative 21.25 4/21/2006 58% 2.5 3.2 2.9 Rich
LTR LOEWS CORP Financials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 92.52 5/3/2006 19% 1.6 1.4 1.2 Rich
LYO LYONDELL CHEMICAL COMPANY Materials 3-Underweight 2-Neutral 19.94 4/28/2006 47% 3.0 3.8 4.3 Rich
MRBK MERCANTILE BANKSHARES CORPFinancials 1-Overweight 2-Neutral 38.74 4/26/2006 19% 1.4 1.5 1.4 Rich
MYG MAYTAG CORP Consumer Discretionary 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 17.48 4/21/2006 47% 1.2 1.3 1.3 Rich
ORI OLD REPUBLIC INTL CORP Financials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 21.34 4/28/2006 19% 1.1 1.4 1.4 Rich
PTEN PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY INC Energy 2-Equal weight 1-Positive 27.30 3/16/2006 47% 1.7 4.1 3.0 Rich
RE EVEREST RE GROUP LTD Financials 1-Overweight 1-Positive 100.00 4/18/2006 23% 1.3 2.0 1.8 Rich
REG REGENCY CENTERS CORP Financials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 64.69 5/3/2006 21% 1.8 1.3 1.2 Rich
SAFC SAFECO CORP Financials 1-Overweight 1-Positive 51.70 4/19/2006 23% 1.8 2.9 2.5 Rich
SFG STANCORP FINANCIAL GROUP Financials 3-Underweight 2-Neutral 54.55 4/26/2006 24% 1.3 1.6 1.4 Rich
STE STERIS CORP Health Care 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 25.54 5/17/2006 26% 1.2 1.4 1.1 Rich
TRB TRIBUNE CO Consumer Discretionary 3-Underweight 3-Negative 30.72 4/13/2006 24% 1.7 1.9 1.7 Rich
TSN TYSON FOODS INC-CL A Consumer Staples 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 14.07 5/2/2006 33% 1.8 2.5 2.7 Rich
VRX VALEANT PHARMACEUTICALS INTHealth Care 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 17.04 2/28/2006 72% 2.1 2.5 2.5 Rich
WTR AQUA AMERICA INC Utilities 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 29.59 3/9/2006 26% 2.3 1.4 1.2 Rich
YUM YUM! BRANDS INC Consumer Discretionary 2-Equal weight 2-Neutral 49.44 4/24/2006 24% 1.4 2.2 1.8 Rich
Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics, Bloomberg, FAME
Note: This screen does not exclude stocks with illiquid options. Investors should consider liquidity before entering into an options position. Stocks that appear as unrated are either
not covered by Lehman Brothers fundamental analysts or are currently subject to research restrictions. Our universe includes stocks included in either the S&P 500 or the NDX.
In Figure 6, we provide the current list of stocks having relatively cheap options.
Figure 6: Stocks Displaying “Cheap” Volatility Characteristics
Std Devs from Std Devs from Std Devs from
Lehman Expected 3-Month
Lehman Mean (3-Month Mean (3-Month Mean (3-Month
Ticker Name GICS Sector Company Price Earnings Implied Rich/Cheap
Sector View Implied vs Implied vs Implied vs S&P
Rating Date Volatility
Realized) Sector) 500)
BEAS BEA SYSTEMS INC Information Technology 1-Overweight 1-Positive 11.38 5/18/2006 30% -1.4 -1.9 -1.7 Cheap
CSCO CISCO SYSTEMS INC Information Technology RS-Rating Suspe2-Neutral 19.97 5/10/2006 20% -1.1 -1.7 -1.3 Cheap
DGX QUEST DIAGNOSTICS Health Care 1-Overweight 2-Neutral 52.92 4/21/2006 16% -1.6 -1.2 -1.9 Cheap
DISH ECHOSTAR COMMUNICATIONS - AConsumer Discretionary 1-Overweight 2-Neutral 29.82 3/6/2006 24% -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 Cheap
GRMN GARMIN LTD Consumer Discretionary 2-Equal weight 2-Neutral 70.34 4/27/2006 34% -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 Cheap
GT GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO Consumer Discretionary 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 14.40 5/4/2006 34% -2.4 -1.1 -1.0 Cheap
JPM JPMORGAN CHASE & CO Financials 1-Overweight 1-Positive 41.58 4/20/2006 15% -1.3 -1.0 -1.1 Cheap
MIL MILLIPORE CORP Health Care 2-Equal weight 1-Positive 69.98 4/21/2006 20% -2.0 -1.5 -2.1 Cheap
MNST MONSTER WORLDWIDE INC Industrials 0-Unrated 0-Unrated 49.42 4/26/2006 35% -1.1 -1.3 -1.2 Cheap
PCG P G & E CORP Utilities 1-Overweight 3-Negative 38.47 5/4/2006 15% -1.2 -1.5 -1.2 Cheap
PL PROTECTIVE LIFE CORP Financials 2-Equal weight 2-Neutral 48.95 5/3/2006 16% -2.8 -1.2 -1.2 Cheap
PLCM POLYCOM INC Information Technology 1-Overweight 2-Neutral 19.79 4/20/2006 34% -2.5 -1.5 -1.2 Cheap
UVN UNIVISION COMMUNICATIONS-A Consumer Discretionary 1-Overweight 3-Negative 33.83 3/2/2006 24% -1.6 -2.7 -2.6 Cheap
Source: Lehman Brothers, OptionMetrics, Bloomberg, FAME
Note: Acquisition targets with very low volatility have been removed from this list. Stocks that appear as unrated are either not covered by Lehman Brothers fundamental analysts or
are currently subject to research restrictions. Our universe includes stocks included in either the S&P 500 or the NDX.
February 28, 2006 4
5. Equity Derivatives Strategy | Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
Volatility Screen User Interface
Obtain Implied Volatility
Analytics for an
Individual Stock
Screen Universe for
Rich/Cheap Volatility, By
Sector, Analyst Rating,
Earnings Period
Implied and Realized Volatility Implied and Realized Rich/Cheap Indicators for
for Individual Stock Screened Individual Stock Screened
Note: Stocks that appear as unrated are either not covered by Lehman Brothers fundamental analysts or are currently subject to research restrictions.
Volatility Screen Summary Output
Number of Standard Deviations Above or Below
Spreads’ 2-Year Average
Current 1-Month If > 1 then “Rich”. If < -1 then “Cheap”
Implied Volatility
Rich/Cheap Metrics: Rich/Cheap Metrics:
Company Details 1-Month 3-Month
Implied Volatility Implied Volatility
February 28, 2006 5
6. Equity Derivatives Strategy | Shopping for Vol in Same-Store Sales
Analyst Certification:
The respective research analysts responsible for the fundamental ratings hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this research email accurately reflect our
personal views about any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this email and (2) no part of our compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly
related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this email.
I, Ryan Renicker, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this research email accurately reflect my personal views about any or all of the subject securities or
issuers referred to in this email and (2) no part of my compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed
in this email.
To the extent that any of the conclusions are based on a quantitative model, Lehman Brothers hereby certifies (1) that the views expressed in this research email
accurately reflect the firm's quantitative research model (2) no part of the firm's compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific
recommendations or views expressed in this research report.
Important Disclosures
Lehman Brothers does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a
conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this email communication.
Customers of Lehman Brothers in the United States can receive independent, third-party research on the company or companies covered in this report, at no cost to
them, where such research is available. Customers can access this independent research at www.lehmanlive.com or can call 1-800-2-LEHMAN to request a copy of
this research.
Investors should consider this communication as only a single factor in making their investment decision.
The analysts responsible for preparing this report have received compensation based upon various factors including the Firm’s total revenues, a portion of which is
generated by investment banking activities.
Stock price and ratings history charts along with other important disclosures are available on our disclosure website at www.lehman.com/disclosures
And may also be obtained by sending a written request to: LEHMAN BROTHERS CONTROL ROOM , 745 SEVENTH AVENUE, 19TH FLOOR NEW YORK, NY
10019
Options are not suitable for all investors and the risks of option trading should be weighed against the potential rewards.
Supporting documents that form the basis of the recommendations are available on request. Please note that the trade ideas within
this report in no way relate to the fundamental ratings applied to European stocks by Lehman Brothers' Equity Research.
Guide to Lehman Brothers Equity Research Rating System
Our coverage analysts use a relative rating system in which they rate stocks as 1-Overweight, 2- Equal weight or 3-Underweight (see definitions below) relative to other
companies covered by the analyst or a team of analysts that are deemed to be in the same industry sector (“the sector coverage universe”). To see a list of companies that
comprise a particular sector coverage universe, please go to www.lehman.com/disclosures.
In addition to the stock rating, we provide sector views which rate the outlook for the sector coverage universe as 1-Positive, 2-Neutral or 3-Negative (see definitions below).
A rating system using terms such as buy, hold and sell is not the equivalent of our rating system. Investors should carefully read the entire research report including the
definitions of all ratings and not infer its contents from ratings alone.
Stock Rating
1-Overweight - The stock is expected to outperform the unweighted expected total return of the sector coverage universe over a 12-month investment horizon.
2-Equal weight - The stock is expected to perform in line with the unweighted expected total return of the sector coverage universe over a 12-month investment horizon.
3-Underweight - The stock is expected to underperform the unweighted expected total return of the sector coverage universe over a 12-month investment horizon.
RS-Rating Suspended - The rating and target price have been suspended temporarily to comply with applicable regulations and/or firm policies in certain circumstances
including when Lehman Brothers is acting in an advisory capacity on a merger or strategic transaction involving the company.Sector View
1-Positive - sector coverage universe fundamentals are improving.
2-Neutral - sector coverage universe fundamentals are steady, neither improving nor deteriorating.
3-Negative - sector coverage universe fundamentals are deteriorating.
February 28, 2006 6