By Ismael FOFANA - Mariame DIALLO - Anatole GOUDAN - Lea M. DOMGHO

1. GENDER-SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL
INVESTMENTS PRIORITIZATION
Case Study of Niger
I. FOFANA, M. DIALLO, A. GOUDAN, L. M. DOMGHO
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

2. Summary of Findings
• Generation of gender disaggregated data
 LSMS-ISA for Niger
• Development a gender-sensitive results framework
• Assessment of agricultural growth outlook under business as usual
 Niger is off track to achieving the Malabo commitments and goals, including on gender
• Agricultural Investments Prioritization
 Investments prioritization (agric. commodity-wise or value chain) is gender sensitive in Niger
• Gender-sensitive agricultural investment strategy
 Good progress towards achieving the Malabo commitments and goals, including on gender, in
Niger.

3. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK
I.1 Malabo Declaration
on Accelerated
Agricultural Growth
and Transformation for
Shared Prosperity and
Improved Livelihoods
I. Recommitment to the Principles and Values of the CAADP Process
II. Commitment to Enhancing Investment Finance in Agriculture
III. Commitment to Ending Hunger in Africa by 2025
IV. Commitment to Halving Poverty by the year 2025, through Inclusive
Agricultural Growth and Transformation
V. Commitment to Boosting Intra-African Trade in Agricultural
commodities and services
VI. Commitment to Enhancing Resilience of Livelihoods and Production
Systems to Climate Variability and other related risks
VII. Commitment to Mutual Accountability to Actions and Results

4. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.2 Malabo-Focused NAIP Results Framework
Commitment Results Metric Target
II. Commitment to
Enhancing
Investment Finance
in Agriculture
Enhance public investment
finance
Public expenditure to agriculture, share 10%
Agricultural Value Added, Percentage GDP
Enhance private investment
finance
Private investments to agriculture, growth >
Private investments economywide, growth
III. Commitment to
Ending Hunger in
Africa by 2025
Double current agricultural
productivity levels
Agricultural total factor productivity, growth 100%
Agricultural labor productivity, growth 100%
Halve the current levels of Post-
Harvest Losses
Agricultural post-production total factor productivity, growth 50%
Agricultural post-production labor productivity, growth 50%
Promote social protection
initiatives focusing on vulnerable
social groups
Income share of the poorest quintile, change >
Food production-to-consumption ratio, change >
End extreme poverty in Africa by
2025
Poverty headcount ratio, measured at the food poverty line,
change
-95%

5. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.2 Malabo-Focused NAIP Results Framework (cont’d)
Commitment Results Metric Target
IV. Commitment to
Halving Poverty by
the year 2025,
through Inclusive
Agricultural Growth
and Transformation
Sustain annual agricultural GDP growth Agricultural GDP growth, annual average 6%
Ensure that agricultural growth and
transformation process is inclusive
Agricultural contribution to GDP growth 50%
Create job opportunities for at least 30%
of the youth in agricultural value chains
Job creation per annuum, growth >
Increase wage and salary jobs
Halving Poverty by the year 2025
Poverty headcount ratio, measured at the national
poverty line, change
-50
V. Commitment to
Boosting Intra-
African Trade in
Agricultural
commodities and
services
Harness markets and trade opportunities,
locally, regionally and internationally
Income growth of agricultural producers
Income growth of agri-food producers
Triple intra-African trade in agricultural
commodities and services
Intra-Africa Exports and Imports of agricultural
commodities and services
200%
Exports-to-Imports Agricultural Commodities, Ratio
Exports Agroindustry-to-Agricultural Commodities,
Ratio

6. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
1.3 Gender in the
Malabo Compliant
Results Frameworks
 Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and
Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods
IV. Commitment to Halving Poverty by the year 2025, through Inclusive
Agricultural Growth and Transformation
 Support and facilitate preferential entry and participation for women
and youth in gainful and attractive agri-business opportunities.
 CAADP Results Framework 2015-2025
 Suggestion of gender disaggregation for nearly half (14 out of 31) of
the indicators (levels 1, 2 and 3).

7. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
1.3 Gender in the
Malabo Compliant
Results Framework
(cont’d)
 Key Performance Targets and Indicators for Monitoring and Reporting on the
June 2014 AU Assembly Malabo Declaration for Agriculture
o 3. Ending Hunger
 3.5 Food security and Nutrition
 Promote initiatives to improve nutritional status
Increase rate of the proportion of Minimum Dietary
Diversity-Women
o 4. Eradicating Poverty through Agriculture
 4.4 Women participation in Agri-business
 Promote initiatives that facilitate preferential entry and
participation for women in gainful and attractive agri-business
opportunities
Proportion of rural women that are empowered in
agriculture
Targets 20% (Reference: Malabo & Agenda 2063)

8. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.4 Gender-Sensitive Malabo Compliant NAIP Results Framework
Commitment
Results Metric Target
II. Commitment to
Enhancing
Investment
Finance in
Agriculture
Enhance public
investment finance
Public expenditure to agriculture, share 10%
Public expenditure to agriculture share, relative to
agricultural value-added share
Enhance private
investment finance
Private investments to agriculture, change >
Private investments economywide, change
Private investments in agriculture, change in female-to-
male ratio
20%

9. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.4 Gender-Sensitive Malabo Compliant NAIP Results Framework (cont’d)
Commitment Results Metric Target
III. Commitment
to Ending
Hunger in
Africa by 2025
Double current
agricultural productivity
levels
Agricultural total factor productivity, growth 100%
- Agric. TFP, change in female-to-male ratio 20%
Agricultural labor productivity, growth 100%
- Agric. labor productivity, change in female-to-male ratio 20%
Halve the current levels
of Post-Harvest Losses
Agricultural post-production total factor productivity, growth 50%
Agric. post-production TFP, change in female-to-male ratio 20%
Agricultural post-production labor productivity, growth 50%
Agric. post-production labor productivity, change in female-to-male ratio 20%
Increase agricultural
productivity with social
protection initiatives
focusing on vulnerable
social groups
Income share of the poorest quintile, change >
Income share female-head households in poorest quintile, growth 20%
Food production-to-consumption ratio, change >
Food production, change in female-to-male ratio >
End hunger in Africa by
2025
Poverty headcount ratio, measured at the food poverty line, change -95%
Contribution of female-headed household to poverty headcount ratio,
measured at the food poverty line
-20%

10. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.4 Gender-Sensitive Malabo Compliant NAIP Results Framework (cont’d)
Commitment Results Metric Target
IV. Commitment to
Halving Poverty
by the year 2025,
through Inclusive
Agricultural
Growth and
Transformation
Sustain annual agricultural GDP
growth
Agricultural GDP growth, annual average 6%
Ensure that agricultural growth
and transformation process is
inclusive
Agricultural contribution to GDP growth 50%
Women contribution to agricultural GDP growth 20%
Create job opportunities for at
least 30% of the youth in
agricultural value chains
Job creation per annuum, growth >
Job creation per annuum, change in female share 20%
Increase wage and salary jobs
Female-to-male wage and salary gap, change 20%
Halving Poverty by the year
2025
Poverty headcount ratio, measured at the national
poverty line, change
Female contribution to poverty headcount ratio,
measured at the national poverty line, change
20%

11. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.4 Gender-Sensitive Malabo Compliant NAIP Results Framework (cont’d)
Commitment Results Metric Target
V. Commitment to
Boosting Intra-
African Trade in
Agricultural
commodities
and services
Harness markets and trade
opportunities, locally,
regionally and internationally
Income growth of agricultural producers
Income growth of agricultural producers, change in
female-to-male ratio
20%
Triple intra-African trade in
agricultural commodities and
services
Intra-Africa Exports and Imports of agricultural
commodities and services
200%
Intra-Africa exports-to-imports of agricultural
commodities, change
Intra-Africa exports of agroindustry commodities
relative to agricultural commodities, change
Intra-Africa Trade of agricultural commodities and
services, change in share of female employment
20%

12. I. MALABO RESULTS FRAMEWORK (CONT’D)
I.4 Gender-Sensitive Malabo Compliant NAIP Results Framework (cont’d)
4 Commitments and Goals | 12 Result Areas | 34 Metrics, including:
 20 Standard Metrics
 14 Gender Disaggregated Metrics

13. II. AGRICULTURAL GROWTH OUTLOOK: BUSINESS AS USUAL
 Macroeconomic Modeling (CGE Model)
 Gender disaggregated labor and labor market
 Gender disaggregated industries
 Gender disaggregated households
 Microeconomic Modeling (Statistical Economic Model)
 Deterministic non linear mathematic programing model (Cross-
entropy based)
 Shocks implemented through changes in labor and capital revenues,
and population growth and urbanization
 Agricultural Productivity Modeling (Stochastic Frontier Analysis)
 Overall technical efficiency analysis (technical efficiency and
technological gap)
I.1 Gender-Focused
Economic Modeling

14. II. AGRICULTURAL GROWTH OUTLOOK: BUSINESS AS USUAL (CONT’D)
 Macroeconomic Data
 LSMS-ISA 2015 for Niger
 Gender-Focused Economic Accounts for Agricultural
 Microeconomic Data
 LSMS-ISA 2015 for Niger
 Household final consumption expenditure
 Income category (labor, capital and transfers)
 Microeconomic Data
 LSMS-ISA 2015 for Niger
 Focus on Sorghum and Millet
I.1 Gender-Focused
Economic Model
(cont’d)

15. II. AGRICULTURAL GROWTH OUTLOOK: BUSINESS AS USUAL (CONT’D)
I.2 Progress under Business as Usual
Commitments Result Area
BaU Progress, Metrics
Standard Gender-Focused
Enhancing Investment Finance in
Agriculture (C. II)
Increase public agricultural expenditure
Increase private agricultural investment
End Hunger (C. III)
Increase agricultural productivity
Reduce agricultural post-production losses
Increase consumption of locally produced goods
Reduce Inequality
Eliminate extreme poverty
Halving Poverty (C. IV)
Sustain agricultural GDP growth
Promote inclusive growth
Employment opportunity and decent work
Reduce poverty
Boost Intra-African Trade in
Agricultural commodities (C.V)
Harness markets and trade opportunities, locally,
regionally and internationally
Increase Intra-African Trade in agricultural
commodities

16. III. AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTS PRIORITIZATION
I.1 Commodity-wise
Investments
Prioritization
Standard Metrics Standard + Gender Specific Metric
Fishery Goat
Cattle Poultry
Sheep Sheep
Other livestock Forestry
Millet Maize
Tigernut Sorrel
Cowpea Other Crops
Sorrel Rice
Sesame Tigernut
Other Crops Fonio
Goat Fishery
Forestry Sorghum
Sorghum Cowpea
Rice Sesame
Fonio Cattle
Groundnut Millet
Poultry Groundnut
Maize Other livestock

17. III. AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTS PRIORITIZATION (CONT’D)
I.2 Agricultural
Value Chain
Investments
Prioritization
Standard Metrics Standard + Gender Specific Metrics
Agricultural Productivity Growth Agricultural Productivity Growth
Subsidy, Input Use in Agriculture Subsidy, Agricultural Production Prices
Agroindustry Productivity Growth Agroindustry Productivity Growth
Subsidy, Agricultural Production Prices
Cost Reduction, Intra-Africa Trade of
Agricultural Commodities
Cost Reduction, Intra-Africa Trade of
Agricultural Commodities
Subsidy, Input Use in Agriculture
Subsidy, Food Consumption Prices Subsidy, Food Consumption Prices
Productivity Growth, Domestic Trading
of Agricultural Commodities
Support to Private Investment in Agroindustry
Support to Private Investment,
Domestic Trading of Agricultural
Commodities
Support to Private Investment, Domestic
Trading of Agricultural Commodities
Support to Private Investment in
Agroindustry
Support to Private Investment in Agriculture
Support to Private Investment in
Agriculture
Productivity Growth, Domestic Trading of
Agricultural Commodities
Income Transfer, Unconditional Income Transfer, Unconditional
Income Transfer, Conditional to Food
Consumption
Income Transfer, Conditional to Food
Consumption

18. IV. GOALS AND MILESTONES FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN
IV.1 Progress under Agricultural Investment Strategy (Standard Prioritization)
Commitments Result Area
BaU Progress, Metrics
Standard Gender-Focus
Enhancing Investment Finance in
Agriculture (C. II)
Increase public agricultural expenditure
Increase private agricultural investment
End Hunger (C. III)
Increase agricultural productivity
Reduce agricultural post-production losses
Increase consumption of locally produced goods
Reduce Inequality
Eliminate extreme poverty
Halving Poverty (C. IV)
Sustain agricultural GDP growth
Promote inclusive growth
Employment opportunity and decent work
Reduce poverty
Boost Intra-African Trade in
Agricultural commodities (C.V)
Harness markets and trade opportunities, locally,
regionally and internationally
Increase Intra-African Trade in agricultural
commodities

19. IV. GOALS AND MILESTONES FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN (CONT’D)
IV.1 Progress under Agricultural Investment Strategy (Gender-Sensitive
Prioritization)Commitments Result Area
BaU Progress, Metrics
Standard Gender-Focus
Enhancing Investment Finance in
Agriculture (C. II)
Increase public agricultural expenditure
Increase private agricultural investment
End Hunger (C. III)
Increase agricultural productivity
Reduce agricultural post-production losses
Increase consumption of locally produced goods
Reduce Inequality
Eliminate extreme poverty
Halving Poverty (C. IV)
Sustain agricultural GDP growth
Promote inclusive growth
Employment opportunity and decent work
Reduce poverty
Boost Intra-African Trade in
Agricultural commodities (C.V)
Harness markets and trade opportunities, locally,
regionally and internationally
Increase Intra-African Trade in agricultural
commodities

20. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Agadez Diffa Dosso Maradi Tahoua Tillaberi Zinder Niamey
Male Female
Proportion of plot header (only millet and sorghum), by gender
IV. GOALS AND MILESTONES FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN (CONT’D)
IV.2 Gender Analysis of Agricultural Efficiency (Cont’d)

21. Production MSFA (Millet and Sorghum)
Overall Efficiency
Female 0.395
Male 0.442
Total 0.435
Yield (kg/ha),
predicted global
frontier
Female 693
Male 706
Total 704
Yield (kg/ha),
predicted in
individual frontier
Female 479
Male 675
Total 648
IV. GOALS AND MILESTONES FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN (CONT’D)
• Low overall technical efficiency for
both male and female producers
Female TE (40%) < Male TE (44%)

22. Production MSFA (Millet and Sorghum)
Group (Male and Female)
Technical Efficiency
Female 0.562
Male 0.465
Total 0.478
Technology score
Female 0.703
Male 0.951
Total 0.917
Yield (kg/ha), predicted in
individual frontier
Female 479
Male 675
Total 648
IV. GOALS AND MILESTONES FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT PLAN (CONT’D)
Challenges to increase productivity
Female producers
• Technical efficiency
• Technological gap
Male producers
• Technical efficiency
Yield (kg/ha), predicted
global frontier
Female 693
Male 706
Total 704

23. CONCLUSION
• Generation of gender disaggregated data
 LSMS-ISA for Niger
• Development a gender-sensitive results framework
• Assessment of agricultural growth outlook under business as usual
 Niger is off track to achieving the Malabo commitments and goals, including on gender
• Agricultural Investments Prioritization
 Investments prioritization (agric. commodity-wise or value chain) is gender sensitive in Niger
• Gender-sensitive agricultural investment strategy
 Good progress towards achieving the Malabo commitments and goals, including on gender, in
Niger.