3. Definition
• An infection and/or inflammation
of the interstitial tissues of the
lung
• Fluid, WBC, and cellular debris
from phagocytosis of the
infectious agent accumulate in
the alveoli
4. Incidence
• Approximately 50% are
bacterial
25-30% of all CAP are
pneumococcal pneumonia
40,000 deaths annually
• Mycoplasma accounts for 20%
of cases
11. Primary Pneumonia
• Caused by inhalation or
aspiration of a bacterial or viral
pathogen into the lower
respiratory tract
12. Secondary Pneumonia
• Results from lung injury that
was caused by the spread of
bacteria from an infection
elsewhere in the body
• Inhalation of a noxious
chemical, which can precipitate
ARDS
13. Aspiration Pneumonia
• Caused by aspiration of foreign
matter such as food, vomitus, or
secretions into the bronchial
tree
• Risk factors:
Old age, decreased gag
reflex, anesthesia and
sedation, debilitation, ALOC
15. • Position patient to facilitate an
open airway and ease breathing
HOB: 30-45°
• Encourage coughing and deep
breathing every 2 hours
16. • Suction the airway to clear
secretions as needed
• Encourage fluids as ordered
• If antibiotic therapy is started,
closely monitor routine peak
and trough levels
18. • Provide patient and family with
literature on pneumonia
• Explain the dosages, route,
actions, adverse reactions of
meds
• Stress the importance of limiting
activity and resting frequently to
avoid fatigue
19. • Explain that combined fluid
intake should be at least 3L/day
Liquid, soup, jello
• Explain that coughing, deep
breathing, incentive spirometry
promote healing and help
prevent recurrence
20. • Teach patient to eat small,
frequent meals to maintain
adequate nutrition
• Provide literature on smoking
cessation to patient who
smokes
• Advise patients over age 65 and
those in high risk groups to
receive pneumonia vaccine
