Power point presentation for graduate program at Clemson University class HRD 847

1. A Comparison of Historical vs Current
Instructional Design Strategies Utilized in
the Manufacturing Industry
Robert F. Brown
Clemson University
CourseID: HRD 847
Eileen Newmark, Ph.D

2. A comparison of Historical vs Current Instructional Design Strategies Utilized
in the Manufacturing Environment
Technological Methods that have impacted human
performance can be traced back to the 1900’s.
Pioneers of Research
• Frederick W. Taylor 1900’s
• Sidney Pressey 1920’s
• B.F. Skinner 1950’s
• W.E. Deming 1960’s

3. Frederick W. Taylor
“Taylorism”
Timed basic work actions
Developed programmed task
instruction cards
Recommended factory planning
departments
Advocated that jobs should be
broken down into simple jobs with
separate steps
Created environments with minimal
complexity, but optimal efficiency

4. Sidney Pressey
Created a device that anticipated the first modern
teaching machine. The machine would present
multiple choice questions that would advance if the
student got the correct answer
Pressey’s machine also had the ability to self
score, set goal scores, and offer candy as a reward
for meeting the testing goals

5. B.F. Skinner
AKA: Buhruss Fredric Skinner
Introduced the idea that behavior is
determined by its consequences
Developed principles of computer
based self instruction
Major contributor to the field of
Instructional Design as a result of his
research and developments in applied
human learning through programmed
instruction

6. W.E. Deming
AKA: William Edwards Deming
 Developed the theory of TQM
 Utilized instructional design
strategies to embrace Quality
Control Methods
 Instructional strategies focused on
the design as well as on the
process of applied human learning
innovations

7. So What?
Research Findings
Instructional Design Methods have impacted product
design, applied learning innovations, and the
state of the labor force in the U.S. since the
1900’s
Few changes were found in the approach to applied
human performance and learning techniques
since Taylorism
Instead, applied learning has evolved through
progressive research via the pioneers of
educational technology and applied human
learning into the concept of Instructional Design

8. Future Trends
Research has identified six trends relating to the
future of Instructional Design Methods
(1) Inclusion of diverse culture perspective
(2) The development of rapid adaptive instructional design and
evaluation systems
(3) Growth of on-line, on-demand access to information, performance
support and training
(4) The emergence of content rich and methodologically robust
distance training and information networks
(5) Instructional materials customized to the user
(6) Increased personal responsibilities of the instructional designers

9. “When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are
challenged to change ourselves.” ~Victor Frankl
Questions??