International tour of the Jesuit Guarani Reductions in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia.

1. JESUIT-GUARANI
REDUCTIONS
TOUR
Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia
Richard Kane, Brazilianist
Inquiries: rfranklinkane@gmail.com
CoverBrazil on Facebook

2. D R I V E , T R E K O R B I K E : D I S C OV E R
THE ORIGINS OF OUR NEW WORLD
CIVILIZATION

3. SÃO MIGUEL DAS MISSÕES -
RIO GRANDE DO SUL
“You cannot write the history of Brazil {or the New World} without
dipping your pen in the blood of Rio Grande.”

4. J E S U I T R E D U C T I O N S : C U LT U R A L
SYMBOL OF MERCOSUL
 Hinterland of Rio Grande do Sul.
 Primary historical exports: yerba
mate, beef jerky

5. SÃO MIGUEL:
E N D O F T H E R E N A I S S A N CE
The 
Mannerism of
Renaissance
Europe (Jesuit
Church of
Gesu, Rome)
was replaced
by the Jesuit -
Guarani
 Baroque.

6. GUARANI REDUCTION
Guarani mother and children as
necessity entrepreneurs, reduced to
selling handicrafts to tourists outside
the Museum of the Missions;
designed by Lucio Costa, urban
planner of Brasilia.

7. HISTORY SINGS !
JOSÉ CARRERAS, TENOR
 A caste society
 Jesuit elite
 Annual elections of political rulers
called caciques (chiefs) and civil servants
 Guarani poverty

8. B E H I N D T H E FA Ç A D E O F S Ã O M I G U E L :
MODERN AND POSTMODERN REALITY

9. O N T O A RG E N T I N A : RU I N S O F
S A N I G N AC I O M I N Í ( V I D E O )
 The Reductions conceptualized as
laboratories for applied social science
research
 Achieved political, social and
economic control through domestic
science
 From polygamy to monogamy:
transformation of the Guarani extended
family structure to the nuclear family
 All Reductions in this slide show are
UNESCO world heritage sites.

10. T H E A N C I E N T G UA R A N I
S O C I A L O R D E R : TATA I P Y

11. U R BA N P L A N F O R T H E N E W
G UA R A N I S O C I A L O R D E R
Standard
urban plan:
church &
workshops
centered
around a
main plaza
surrounded
by Indian
housing

12. JESUIT MUSEUM AT SAN
IGNACIO MINÍ

13. MUSEO JESUÍTICO DE SAN
I G NA C I O M I N Í
 Close-up
inside the Jesuit
museum of San
Ignacio Mini,
Argentina: relics
of the Guarani-
Baroque

14. T H E BA RO Q U E : C O R N E R S T O N E O F
E VA N G E L I Z AT I O N
 National instrument of
Paraguay: harp
 String, woodwinds and organ
music put the Guarani into a state
of ecstasy.

15. JESUIT CINEMA:
THE MISSION
Year: 1986
Cast: Robert De Niro &
Jeremy Irons
Writer: Robert Bolt
Director: Roland Joffé
Music: Ennio Morricone
Score: ranked #1 of all-time
Oboe music sample

16. H I S T O RY S I N G S A N D L I V E S : T H E
REDUCTIONS OF CHIQUITOS
The
Reductions
in Chiquitos,
Bolivia are
still in
operation
today
The bi-annual classical music festival of
Chiquitos has been sistered with the
Festival of Sarrebourg (France ), one of
the most important of Europe.

17. P R E S E RVAT I O N O F N E W W O R L D
ARCHITECTONIC IDENTITY
Ruins

After
restor
ation
and
preser
vation


18. TEMPLE OF SAN IGNACIO:
PRE & POST RESTORATION

19. PARAGUAY: LA SANTISIMA
TRINIDAD DE PARANÁ

20. T R I N I DA D E : U N I V E R S A L
U R BA N P L A N

21. PA R AG UAY: L A S A N T I S I M A
T R I N I DA D D E PA R A N Á

22. THE RUINS OF TRINIDAD

23. RUINS OF TRINIDAD

24. B E L L T OW E R : R E S T O R AT I O N
COMPLETED IN 2008, FINANCED BY
GERMAN EMBASSY

25. C O L L E G E C L A S S RO O M &
P L A N O F S T U DY: T H E R AT I O
STUDIORUM OF 1599

26. H E R I T A G E T O U R I S M : D I S C OV E R T H E
ROOTS OF ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY
AND GLOBALIZATION

27. THE THIRTY REDUCTIONS
AND THEIR TERRITORIES
15 in
Argentina
8 in
Paraguay
7 in
Brazil

28. V I S I T T O S Ã O PA U L O : B A N K I N G
A N D F I N A N C I A L C A P I TA L O F
SOUTH AMERICA
Founded in 1554 by Jesuit
missionaries as headquarters
for their work with the
Guaraní Indians, Sao Paulo
gave the Jesuits control over
both ends of the slavery
dialectic and allowed them to
perfect historical materialism
before tutoring Marx on the
topic, according to ex-Jesuit
Alberto Rivera.

29. M A P : S L AV E C A P T U R E I N C U R S I O N S
B Y PAU L I S TA BA N D E I R A N T E S
The Reductions were military
fortresses built on high ground
featuring Guarani cavalry.

30. J E S U I T - G UA R A N I R E D U C T I O N S :
B I RT H P L AC E O F C E N T R A L BA N K I N G

31. C O N D I T I O N S O F P RO P E R T Y A N D
R E L AT I O N S O F P RO D U C T I O N
The economic basis of the Reductions was theocratic and congruent with main tenant of
Marx’s Communist Manifesto: from each according to his ability, to each according to his
need. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the land and all that stood upon it belonged
to the community, but was apportioned among caciques (mayors/chiefs) who allotted to the
families under them. Agricultural equipment and draught-cattle were loaned from the
common supply. No one was permitted to sell his plot of land, house or Abamba, meaning
“own property.” Yet the individual efforts of the Indian families did not yield the desired
surplus, so priests set aside separate plots cultivated by common labor in common fields
known as Tupanba, or “God’s property.” Livestock herds were God’s property too, and the
production of these fields and herds were placed in a “common storehouse,” or central bank,
and saved as a reserve supply for unforeseen contingencies, and also as a medium of
exchange for European imports. The yield of the private fields and family labor was
credited to them individually through barter system so that each received the goods he
desired in exchange. That the common storehouse of the Reductions is the birthplace of
central banking has been illustrated by Eric Jon Phelps.

32. G UA R A N I U N I F O R M S : R E D U C T I O N
CONSTRUCTION AND
PRINTING WORKSHOP (VIDEO )

33. JOIN MY JOURNEY TO ALDEIA
ALVORECER
Kuaray
Poty, or
(Ariel
Ortega)
& Kerexu
Rete
(Patricia
Ferreira)