This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and why their use is increasing. It defines OER as teaching, learning, and research materials that are freely available or have been released with intellectual property licenses that allow free use, revision, remixing, and redistribution. Rising college costs, competition, and growing demand for higher education are driving more discussion around OER. Networked digital technologies make it easy to create, collaborate on, revise, and distribute educational content at low cost. Open educational resources can reduce costs for students and increase access to education.

1. OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
JTCC | Januar y 3 r d , 2012
Richar d Sebastian, Ph.D. | Dir ector Of Teaching & Lear ning Technologies
V ir ginia Community Colle ge System | 804.819.4795 | r sebastian@vccs.edu

2. BLACKBOARD | SHARING
PEARSON | OPENCLASS

3. HB1941

4. § 2.2-2822. Ownership and use of patents and copyrights
developed by certain public employees; Creative Commons
copyrights.
B. The Secretary of Administration, in consultation with the
Secretary of Technology, shall establish policies, subject to the
approval of the Governor, regarding the protection and release of
HB1941
patents and copyrights owned by the Commonwealth. Such
policies shall include, at a minimum, the following:
1. A policy granting state agencies the authority over the
protection and release of patents and copyrights created by
employees of the agency. Such policy shall authorize state
agencies to release all potentially copyrightable materials
under the Creative Commons or Open Source Initiative
licensing system, as appropriate.

5. WHAT ARE OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES (OER)
&
WHY IS EVERYONE
TALKING ABOUT THEM?

6. AAKASH
LUX ARUMQUE

7. AAKASH

8. LUX AURUMQUE

9. HORIZON
REPORT

10. WHAT ARE
OER?

11. THIS PRESENTATION

12. THIS IS NOT MY
PRESENTATION
©

14. Source: David Wiley: Why OER?

16. ©copyright
Use this to prevent sharing

17. Use this to enforce sharing

18. THIS IS NOT MY
PRESENTATION

19. WHAT ARE OER?

20. OPEN, ADJ.

21. OPEN CONTENT

22. OPEN COURSES
Image Source: Flickr CC, user Marc_Wathieu

23. OPEN PUBLISHING
Image Source: Flickr CC, user edinburghcityofprint

24. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Image Source: Flickr CC, user flattop341

25. OPEN TEXTBOOKS
Source: Flickr CC, user seo_gun

26. OPEN, ADJ.
Educational materials freely shared with
per missions to engage in the “4R” activities

27. THE 4RS
Reuse : Redistribute : Revise : Remix

28. OPEN, ADJ.
Openness is a philosophy, an aspect of
culture, a stance--

29. OPEN, ADJ.
Generous, sharing, giving

30. OPEN, ADJ.
Lear ning should be free

31. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching,
lear ning, and research resources that reside in
the public domain or have been released under
an intellectual proper ty license that per mits
their free use and repur posing by others.
Source: Cable Green, Creative Commons

32. OPEN CONTENT

33. OPEN COURSES

34. OPEN COURSES

35. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2011

36. OPEN PUBLISHING

37. OPEN LEARNING

38. OPEN TEXTBOOKS

39. WHY IS
EVERYONE
TALKING ABOUT
OER?

40. RISING COSTS

41. COMPETITION

42. SOARING DEMAND
120M in higher education worldwide
150M more projected to enter

43. NETWORKED
DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGIES
Easy to create, collaborate, revise, distribute

44. OPENNESS = FUTURE

45. OPEN TEXTBOOKS
&
ACCESS
Image Source: Flickr CC, user seo_gun

46. Textbooks
=$1000 yr
College Board Report: Trends in College Pricing (2007)

47. English Composition I
55,000+ enrollments / yr
x $150+ textbook
= $8.25 + Million every year

48. THE HIGH COST OF
TEXTBOOKS HAS
REDUCED US
CITIZENS’ ACCESS
TO HIGHER
EDUCATION.
College Board Report: Trends in College Pricing (2007)

49. IDEA
ACCESS
COSTS

50. The Old Economics
Rivalrous
The more books
you print,
store, and ship,
the higher the
cost

51. The New Economics
Non-Rivalrous
Upload one copy, and everyone can
use it simultaneously
Copying,
storing, and
distributing
digital material
= “Free”

52. Washington State
Image source: Tri-City.com

53. Student Advocacy
Top student issue three years
running…
(1) CUTTING TEXTBOOK COSTS
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

54. Policy
“All digital software, educational resources
and knowledge produced through
competitive grants, offered through and/or
managed by the Washington State Board
CTC will carry a Creative Commons
Attribution License.”
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

55. Legislative Strategy
Partner with legislators
concerned about:
(a) efficient use of state
tax dollars
(b) saving students money.
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

56. Importance of “Open”
Affordability: students can’t afford
textbooks
Choice: Faculty have new choices
when building learning spaces
Self-interest: Good things happen
when you share
Social justice: everyone should have
the right to access digital
knowledge.
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

57. TRANSFORM
“Not invented here”
to
“Proudly borrowed from
there”
mindset
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

58. http://www.opencourselibrary.org
Designed 81 open, high enrollment, gatekeeper
courses
• face-to-face, hybrid and/or online delivery
• improve course completion rates
• lowers textbook costs for students (<$30)
• provides new resources for faculty to use in their
courses
• allows college system to fully engage in the global
open educational resources discussion.
Sources: Cable Green , Creative Commons

59. http://www.opencourselibrary.org
OCL will save students an average of $102 per
course
1.2 million for 2011-2012 in pilot courses
Exceeds 1.18 million needed to develop OCL
Source: State Board of Career and Technical Colleges

60. DISCUSSION
1. What do you see as the
advantages/benefits of using
OER in your course or
department?
2. What are the disadvantages or
barriers to using OER?

61. THANKS.
QUESTIONS?
rsebastian@vccs.edu | 804.819.4795