Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Past tense powerpoint
1. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
CONTENTS
Preview
Expressing past time: the simple past
Spelling of –ing and –ed forms
The principal parts of a verb
Common irregular verbs: a reference list
Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings
Simple past and past progressive
Expressing past time: using time clauses
Expressing past habit: used to
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3. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PRESENT TENSE
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4. CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
4
5. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
We graduated from college in 2010.
5
6. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.
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7. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.
SIMPLE PAST
activities or situations
began and ended in the past
(yesterday, last night, in 2007)
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8. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(c) They watched the movie last night.
(d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.
watch + ed = watched
answer + ed = answered
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9. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
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10. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday.
Irregular past:
sleep
understand
eat
slept
understood
ate
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11. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(g) I was a lifeguard last summer.
(h) They were in Belgium last month.
Simple past forms of be
was and were
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12. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
REGULAR VERBS
STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They started
school last week.
NEGATIVE
I-You-She-He-It-We-They did not start
school last week.
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13. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
REGULAR VERBS
QUESTION
Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they start
school last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did.
No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t.
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14. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
BE- VERB
STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week.
We-You-They were home last week.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It was not home last week.
We-You-They were not home last week.
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15. 2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
BE- VERB
QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it home last week?
Were we-you-they home last week?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it was.
Yes, we-you-they were.
No, I-she-he-it- wasn’t.
No, we-you-they weren’t.
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16. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.
?
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.
weren’t
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
were
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17. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
This airplane was made
in 1625.
?
1943
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
wasn’t
This airplane ______ made in 1625.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
This airplane was made in 1943.
___
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18. 2-1 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
get
?
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________ a bad grade on her test.
didn’t get
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test.
got
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19. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
We are learning to speak English.
19
20. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-e
(a) smile
smiling
smiled
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
hoped
hope
hoping
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
-ed form: add -d
20
21. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
Two Consonants
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(b) helped
helping
help
learned
learn
learning
Two consonants
add -ing
add -ed
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22. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
CHAPTER
CONTENT
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(c) rained
raining
rain
heated
heat
heating
Two vowels + one consonant
add -ing
add -ed
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23. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
YES
(d) stopped
stopping
stop
planned
plan
planning
Double the consonant and
add -ing
add -ed
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24. 2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
CHAPTER
CONTENT
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(e) visited
visiting
visit
offered
offer
offering
First syllable stressed
add -ing
add -ed
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25. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
YES
(f) prefer
preferring
preferred
admit
admitting
admitted
Second syllable stressed,
double the consonant
add -ing
add -ed
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26. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y
(g) play
enjoy
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
playing
played
enjoying
enjoyed
vowel + -y
keep the -y
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27. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h) worry
worrying
worried
study
studying
studied
consonant + -y
-y + -ing
-i
-y + -ed
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28. CHAPTER
CONTENT
2-2 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-ie
(i) die
tie
dying
died
tying
tied
-ie
-y + -ing
add -d
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32. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
They became friends.
32
33. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs
finish
hope
try
Irregular Verbs
see
sing
go
Simple Form
No final –s, –ed, or –ing
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34. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
saw
sang
went
Simple Past
–ed for regular verbs
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35. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Irregular Verbs
seen
sung
gone
Past Participle
–ed for regular verbs
perfect tenses & passive
35
36. 2-3 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
CHAPTER
CONTENT
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
Irregular Verbs
seeing
singing
going
Present Participle
–ing for all verbs
used with progressive tenses
36
37. 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Somebody spent all my money.
37
38. 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
awake
SIMPLE PAST:
awoke
PAST PARTICIPLE:
CHAPTER
CONTENT
awoken
38
39. 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
forget
SIMPLE PAST:
CHAPTER
CONTENT
forgot
PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
39
40. 2-4 COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS:
A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM:
shave
SIMPLE PAST:
CHAPTER
CONTENT
shaved
PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven
40
55. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
He ran to work yesterday.
He was running when the bus drove by.
55
56. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE SIMPLE PAST
X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.
(b) Pat drove to work this morning.
began and ended at particular
time in the past
56
57. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
X
X
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.
(d) They were eating when I got home.
in progress
was/were + -ing
57
58. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
X
X
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.
(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
when = at that time
while = during that time
58
59. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
STATEMENT
I-She-He-It
CHAPTER
CONTENT
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It
was not talking.
wasn’t talking.
You-We-They were not talking.
weren’t talking.
59
60. 2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it
Were you-we-they
talking ?
talking ?
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it
No, I-she-he-it
was.
wasn’t.
Yes, you-we-they
No, you-we-they
CHAPTER
CONTENT
were.
weren’t.
60
63. 2-6 LET’S PRACTICE
was waiting
Marie __________ for the bus.
wasn’t waiting
Marie _____________ for a plane.
CHAPTER
CONTENT
wait
OR
wait, not
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64. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
Our son called while we were using
the computer.
64
65. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
main clause
time clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower
time clause
after I exercised.
(a) time clause
main clause
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66. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
main clause
time clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower
time clause
after I exercised.
(b) main clause time clause
66
67. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(c) I took a shower after I exercised.
(d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.
after
before
until
as soon as
while
when
subject
+
and verb
=
a time
clause
67
68. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) I exercised until I took a shower.
(f) As soon as I exercised, I took a shower.
until = to that time and no longer
as soon as = immediately after
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69. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(g) Mary came home while I was studying.
(h) When Mary came home, I was studying.
main clause + comma + time clause
time clause + comma + main clause
69
70. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.
First: I rang the doorbell
Then: it played music
when
allows simple past
in both clauses
70
71. 2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(j) She was learning to ski while he was
playing golf.
two actions at the same time
past progressive okay in both
71
74. 2-7 LET’S PRACTICE
CHAPTER
CONTENT
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
I went shopping I put the food away
After _____________, ________________.
I put the food away
I went shopping
________________ after ______________.
74
75. 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
He used to be a baby, but now he is
man with a family.
75
76. 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play piano, but now
she plays the violin.
(c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she
doesn’t anymore.
used to
past situations
no longer exist
used to + simple form of a verb
76
77. 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon?
(OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)
did + subject + used to
(OR did + subject + use to)
77
78. 2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
CHAPTER
CONTENT
(e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but
now I swim every afternoon.
(f) Fatima never used to love school, but
now she loves it.
For negative ideas,
never is more common.
78