1. http://www.ridzalmersing.com
RACIM EmCom 2011
Seri Malaysia Bagan Lalang, Selangor,
30 April – 2 Mei 2011
Sistem Amaran Awal Bencana Alam
Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Cuaca
Dr. Mohd Rosaidi bin Che Abas
Bahagian Geofizik & Tsunami
Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia
Kementerian Sains, Teknologi and Inovasi
rosaidi@met.gov.my

2. PUBLIC FOCUS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
EARLY WARNING DELIVERY SYSTEM
RISK KNOWLEDGE MONITORING & WARNING COMMUNICATION & RESPONSE CAPACITY
SYSTEM DISSEMINATION
SMS Radio & TV
FAX WEB
SIREN

3. Greg Tropical Cyclone,
26 Dec 1996
• Hit Northern Sabah (max wind 75
km/h)
• Lost of life - 238 orang
• Houses destroyed - 4,000

4. Vamei Tropical Cyclone,
27 Dec 2001
 Mud flood
 Lost of life - 5 nyawa (at Gunung
Pulai, Johor)
Laluan Ribut Tropika Vamei
Satellite Image

5. Northeast Monsoon
• Northeast Monsoon (Nov-Mac) – rain season
• Heavy rain – big flood in Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang,
Johor Timur and Sarawak.

6. Bencana Berpunca
dari Ribut petir
Ribut petir & hujan lebat yang Hujan batu berlaku di
berterusan selama 3 jam Petaling Jaya 10 Ogos2005
menyebabkan banjir kilat melanda
Kuala Lumpur pada Jun 2003

7. Episod Jerebu Teruk
(1983 – 2006)
SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA, SABAH DAN
APRIL 1983
SARAWAK
15-18 JUN 1991 SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DAN SABAH
10-22 SEPT 1991 SABAH DAN SARAWAK
SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DAN
27 SEPT- 11 OKT 1991
SARAWAK
SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA, SABAH
15 SEPT-6 OKT 1994
DAN SARAWAK
SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA, SABAH DAN
OGOS-OKT 1997
SARAWAK
SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA DAN
JULAI-OKT 2006
SARAWAK

8. http://www.ridzalmersing.com
WEATHER FORECAST / WARNING SYSTEM

9. 1. Pencerapan & Pemantauan
Data/Maklumat
 Stesen Meteorologi / Stesen Auxiliary
 Stesen Udara Atas (Upper Air Stations)
 Pelampung Tsunami dan Stesen Pasang
Surut
 Stesen Radar
 Stesen Satelit
 Stesen Kamera Cuaca (Weather Cam)

10. PENGUMPULAN DATA-DATA METEOROLOGI
STESEN METEOROLOGI STESEN KAMERA
CUACA
STESEN UDARA ATAS
STESEN RADAR PELAMPUNG TSUNAMI
STESEN SATELIT

11. PENCERAPAN UDARA ATAS

12. PENCERAPAN PERMUKAAN

13. PENCERAPAN RADAR

14. PENCERAPAN SATELIT

15. KAMERA CUACA

16. Pencerapan Marin

17. 2. Komponen Analisis &
Pemprosesan Data/ Maklumat

18. PEMANTAUAN DAN SISTEM AMARAN AWAL CUACA DAN LAUT
Stesen Radar Stesen Pencerapan Kamera Pencerapan Stesen Penerimaan
Stesen Pasang Surut Pelampung Tsunami Udara Atas imej Satelit
Permukaan Cuaca
Pemprosesan Berkomputer dan Model Ramalan Cuaca
Pusat Amaran Cuaca
Industri Penerbangan Pertanian Feri Sukan & Rekreasi Media Massa Pengangkutan

19. Jenis & Kriteria
Amaran Cuaca

20. Amaran Ribut Petir
• Amaran ribut petir dikeluarkan apabila tanda2
di kesan dari imej radar, imej satelit dan
pencerapan semasa menunjukkan ribut petir
kuat dan meluas akan berlaku di sesuatu
kawasan & mampu menyebabkan banjir kilat
dan angin kencang
• Tempoh amaran adalah pendek 2- 6 jam

21. Kriteria Mengeluarkan Amaran
Cuaca Buruk
Peringkat Kriteria Amaran Kesan yang
boleh berlaku
Kemungkinan berlaku luruan monsun
KUNING
dalam tempoh 24-48 jam
i) Hujan monsun sederhana dijangka · Banjir di
berlaku dalam beberapa jam akan datang. kawasan rendah
ii) Sistem tekanan rendah/lekukan tropika dan tebing sungai
dengan kelajuan angin 50-60 kmsj disertai
hujan sederhana/lebat.
JINGGA (ii) dan (iii)
iii) Angin kencang dengan kelajuan angin Bumbung rumah
50-60 kmsj (pokok bergoyang, apabila juga boleh
berjalan melawan angin berasa tidak diterbangkan
selesa) dengan hujan renyai menjadi angin
sederhana dan berterusan beberapa jam

22. Kriteria Mengeluarkan Amaran
Cuaca Buruk (samb.)
Peringkat Kriteria Amaran Kesan yang boleh
berlaku
i) Hujan monsun yang lebat dan · Banjir berlaku di
menyeluruh dijangka berlaku dalam kawasan rendah dan
beberapa jam akan datang. tebing sungai serta
ii) Ribut tropika dengan kelajuan arus deras yang boleh
angin sekurang-kurangnya 60 kmsj membahayakan
disertai hujan sederhana atau lebat. kanak-kanak yang
MERAH iii) Angin kencang dengan kelajuan bermain berdekatan
sekurang-kurangnya 60 kmsj (dahan dengan longkang
sekah, menghalang pergerakan dan besar dan tebing
berlaku kerosakkan struktur) dengan sungai.
hujan sederhana menjadi lebat dan (ii) & (iii) Bumbung
bertahan sehingga 2 jam. rumah boleh
diterbangkan angin.

23. Kriteria Mengeluarkan Amaran Angin
Kencang dan Laut Bergelora
Peringkat Kriteria Kesan yang boleh
berlaku
40-50 kmsj dan laut · Merbahaya kepada bot-
Kategori Pertama bergelora dengan ketinggian bot kecil serta semua
gelombang sehingga 3.5 aktiviti rekreasi dan
meter. sukan laut.
50-60 kmsj dan laut · Merbahaya kepada
Kategori Kedua bergelora dengan ketinggian semua aktiviti perkapalan
gelombang sehingga 4.5 termasuk perikanan dan
meter. perkhidmatan feri serta
semua aktiviti pantai
60 kmsj ke atas dan laut · Merbahaya kepada
Kategori Ketiga bergelora dengan ketinggian semua aktiviti pantai dan
gelombang lebih dari 4.5 perkapalan serta pekerja
meter. pelantar minyak

24. Kaedah Penyebaran
Amaran Cuaca
• Television
• Radio
• SMS
• Faks
• Telefon
• Media Cetak
• Sistem Amaran Talian Tetap
• Siren
• Laman Web Jabatan Meteorologi
(http//: www.met.gov.my)
FLAS

25. Sistem Isyarat Visual Amaran
Angin Kencang
LAUT CHINA SELATAN

26. http://www.ridzalmersing.com
TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM

27. TSUNAMI 26 DISEMBER2004
Thailand

28. Affected Areas in Malaysia
Langkawi
Penang
Source :
University of
PUTRA,
Malaysia

29. Plat Tektonik
4/4/2011

30. Permodelan Simulasi Tsunami :
Impak di Perairan Malaysia
Bahagian Geofizik dan Tsunami,
4/4/2011 Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia, 46667 Jalan Sultan, Petaling Jaya, Selangor

31. Kes Simulasi Tsunami: Zon Subduksi Manila
 Senario tsunami:
 Gempa bumi bermagnitud M8.5 skala Ritcher
berpusat di Selatan Filippina (Lat: 14.0N, Long:
119.5E) dengan kedalaman gempa ~ 10km
 Terletak di zon Manila Trench
 Potensi hasilkan ancaman tsunami
 Data:
 Data kedalaman laut (bathymetric data) ~ dengan
resolusi 1 min (GEBCO)
 Metodologi:
 Permodelan menggunakan kod TUNAMI-N2, Non-
linear shallow water wave
 Mengambilkira bottom friction
 Analisis:
 Kenalpasti Jangkaan ketinggian dan ketibaan
tsunami di beberapa lokasi terpilih Gambarajah menunjukkan tsunami deformation bagi M8.5 skala Ritcher
 Melihat impak maksimum tsunami (berdasarkan
peta)
4/4/2011

32. Simulasi Tsunami: Keputusan Analisis
150 Min
60 Min selepas gempa
4/4/2011 240 Min

33. Simulasi Tsunami: Keputusan Analisis (Ketinggian Maksimum Tsunami)
4/4/2011

34. Simulasi Tsunami: Keputusan Analisis
4/4/2011

35. Malaysian National Tsunami Early Warning System
(MNTEWS)
was established in 2005
-To provide earthquake information
- To provide early warning on tsunami
generated in the Indian Ocean, South China Sea
and the Pacific Ocean that may affect Malaysia.

36. WHAT WE NEED FOR
MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Before 2010
2010
15 min
To ensure efficient dissemination of
earthquake information and tsunami
warnings within 15 minutes from the
time of the earthquake event.
To ensure efficient dissemination of earthquake
information and tsunami warnings within 12
minutes from the time of the earthquake event.

37. COMPONENTS OF THE MNTEWC
Data & Information Processing Dissemination
Collection Component Component Component
National, Regional and Earthquake Earthquake
International Seismic Determination: Information and
Network Antelope, Tsunami Warning
SeisComP & Dissemination
National, Regional and
EarlyBird
International Tide
Gauge Network Tsunami SMS
Evaluation: Telefax
National, Regional and TUNAMI – F1
Webcast
International Deep
RTWP
Ocean Buoy Network Fixed line
phone
National Coastal
TV & Radio
Camera Network
FLAS
Linkage Siren
PTWC / JMA Mini Studio

38. Nasional Seismic Network
17 stations (3-component)
( 3 stations installed in 2009)
[10 stations – broadband
7 stations - short period]
Malaysia is already contributing real-time waveform data from its
7 broadband stations for regional and international exchange.
Sensors Communication
VSAT

39. 10 STRONG MOTION STATIONS IN KLANG VALLEY

40. Nasional Seismic Network
17 stations
8 Selected Indonesian Seismic Stations
Indonesian Seismic Stations link to
MNTEWS through VSAT - 9
VSAT
VSAT
MNTEWS Internet
SeisComp3
EarlyBird
Antelope International Seismic Stations link through internet - 26

41. Nasional Tide Gauge Network
Existing tide gauge - 6
Additional Tide Gauge – 15
(2009 –2010)

42. National and International Tide Gauges
Existing tide gauge - 6
Additional Tide Gauge – 15
(2009 – 2010)
VSAT
MNTEWS
Internet
MMD has also monitor the sea level at 37 sites
in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean

43. Buoy Network

44. Buoy Network
INMARSAT
MNTEWS
Internet
International Buoy - 17

45. Coastal Camera Network
18 Coastal
Cameras
Pantai Chenang
(14
Kuala Muda
Kudat
installed Batu Feringgi
Sandakan
within
Pasir Panjang Kota Kinabalu
Labuan Tawau
2009 – Pulau Pangkor
Kuala Terengganu
Terengganu Miri
2010)
Teluk Cempedak Bintulu
Pulau Ketam Semporna
Pulau Tioman Sibu
LEGEND : Existing Coastal Camera - 4
Proposed Addi l
tional Coastal Camera - 14

46. Tsunami Siren Network
- at strategic locations along the coastline areas
Pantai Chenang
23 Tsunami Sirens
Kuala Teriang
(10 installed during 2009 –2010)
Kuala Kedah
Tg. Bunggah
Batu Feringgi
Kg. Kuala Sg. Muda
Teluk Bahang
Kudat
Kuala Kurau Sandakan
Pasir Panjang
Kota Kinabalu Lahad Datu
Labuan
Kuala Terengganu
Miri
Pulau Pangkor Teluk Cempedak
Kunak Tawau Semporna
Pulau Ketam Pulau Tioman
LEGEND : Existing Siren - 13
Proposed additional sirens - 10

47. Fixed Lined Alert System (FLAS)

48. Linkage to PWTC/JMA

49. Tsunami Modeling & Database
Source Points: Sunda trench and Makran trench
(Mw
)
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
Depth (km)
0
20
40
60
 Distance interval 0.50  Distance interval 0.50
 487 SP  78 SP
 Strike set parallel to Sunda trench axis  Strike set parallel to Makran trench axis
Total Scenarios = 9740 Total Scenarios = 1560
Grand Total (Sunda + Makran) = 11300 points

50. Tsunami Modeling & Database (cont.)
Coastal Points (99 points)
- Bathymetry water depth ~ 1 m
Source Points:
Sunda trench and Makran trench
Forecast Points (99 points)
- Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m

51. Tsunami Modeling & Database (cont.)
Source Points:
 Distance interval 0.50
 1020 SP
 Strike set parallel to the
trench axis
 Total scenarios = 20400
 Estimated total
scenarios (including
Sunda Trench and
Makran Trench)
= 31700

52. Tsunami Modeling & Database (cont.)
Coastal Points (73 points)
- Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m
Forecast Points (73 points)
- Bathymetry water depth ~ 50 m

53. DISSEMINATION
Earthquake Information and Tsunami Alert/Warning
==> via various channels such as
- SMS (SMS is used as an early alert on earthquake information and
tsunami warning to relevant personnel and agencies)
- Hotline (a hotline channel is used to communicate directly between
MNTEWC and National Television)
- Fixed line (whenever necessary) and Telefax
Website
- Crawlers (in the case of felt earthquake, or tsunami)
- Fixed Line Alert System (FLAS) (ensure the warnings to
evacuate reach the communities)
- Mini studio at MNTEWC
- Tsunami Siren (in the case of evacuation is necessary)

54. RESPONSE CAPACITY
Public Awareness
Several public awareness campaigns have
been carried out at selected high risk areas
every years.
- up to now, 75 public awareness had been
carried out.

55. RESPONSE CAPACITY (cont.)
Tsunami Drill
Tsunami drills have been carried out:
- at Tuaran, Sabah in the year 2006 (Pacific Wave 2006)

56. RESPONSE CAPACITY (cont.)
Tsunami drills have been carried out- at Langkawi, Kedah in the year 2007.

57. RESPONSE CAPACITY (cont.)
Tsunami drill has also been carried out at Langkawi, Kedah on
14 October 2009 (Indian Ocean Wave 2009)

58. http://www.ridzalmersing.com

59. Thank You