Combine harvesters need full in modern agriculture

1. COMBINE HARVESTER

2. COMBINE HARVESTER ?
Is a machine which harvests the grain crops by comprising the three separate
operation activities of harvesting.
Those are:
1. Reaping { Harvesting }
2. Threshing
3. Winnowing
these above 3 operations are combined to form a single process in the combine
harvester.

3. COMBINE HARVESTER IS USED FOR WHICH CROPS?
 This is used for the crops whose seeds or edible part is at the top of the plant
(grains) and the below part which is discarded or left in the field as it is
inedible (chaff).
 Crops like : Paddy, wheat, oats, barley, corn, rye, sorghum, linseed, sunflower,
canola and soybean.

4. TYPES
Source of
Power
• Self-propelled type
• PTO-Operated/
Mount type
Means of
movement
• Wheel type
• Crawler type

5. ACCORDING TO THE SOURCE OF POWER USED
1. Self-propelled type
2. PTO operated type/ mount type

6. SELF-PROPELLED TYPE

7. PTO OPERATED TYPE/ MOUNT TYPE

8. ACCORDING TO THE MOVEMENT
1. Wheel type
2. Crawler type

9. WHEEL TYPE

10. CRAWLER TYPE

11. FUNCTION OF COMBINE HARVESTER
Feeding the
standing crop to
the cutter bar with
the help of reel
Cutting the crop
Feeding the crop
to threshing unit
Threshing the crop
Separating the
husk from grains
Cleaning the
grains
Conveying and
storing the grain

12. HOW DOES IT WORKS ?

13. 1.Standing crop
2.Reel
3.Cutter bar
4.Conveyor
5.Threshing drum
6.Sieves
7.Straw walkers
8.Unloader
9.Straw spreader

14. STANDING CROP
 Crops are gathered in by the header at the front, which has a pair of sharp
pincers called crop dividers at either end.
 The wider the header, the faster and more efficiently a harvester can cut a
field.
 Different headers are used for cutting different crops
 The header is often hydraulically powered and can be raised, lowered, and
angled in different ways from the cab.

15. REEL { PICKUP REEL }
 This is the first part to touch the standing grain, it holds the grain against the
knife.
 It is a slowly rotating wheel pushes the crops down toward the cutter.
 The reel has horizontal bars called bats and vertical teeth or tines to grip the
plant stalks.

16. CUTTER BAR
 Cutter bar runs the entire length of the header underneath the reel.
 Its teeth (sometimes called mowing fingers) open and close repeatedly to cut
off the crops at their base along a ground level.

17. CONVEYOR
 Behind the cutter bar, the cut crops are fed toward the center by spinning
augurs (screws) and travel up a conveyor to the processing mechanism inside
the main part of the combine.
 It simply does the lifting mechanism of the chaffed plant towards the
threshing unit.

18. THRESHING UNIT
 A threshing drum beats the cut crops to break and shake the grains away
from their stalks.
 Threshing removes the grain or seed from the head or pod.

19. SIEVES
 The crop or threshed material is made to pass through the sieve or separator
chamber below to this seed collector or storage is present.
 The sieves plates keep on shaking so does a seeds to separate and fall down
through sieves.
 The grains fall through sieves into a collecting tank below.

20. STRAW WALKERS
 The straw(unwanted material) passes along conveyors called straw
walkers toward the back of the machine.
 In some machines the straw are passed through the chaffer machine to cut
the inedible part into smaller pieces.
 Then passed to the chaffer extension or straw spreader

21. UNLOADER
 When the grain tank is full, a tractor with a trailer on the back pulls alongside
the combine.
 The grain is carried up from the tank by an elevator and shoots out of a side
pipe (sometimes called the unloader) into the trailer.
 The unloader pipe height can be adjusted.

22. STRAW SPREADER
 The unwanted straw chaff tumbles from the back of the machine. Some
combines have a rotating spreader mechanism that throws the straw over a
wide area.
 Sometimes the straw is baled up by a baling machine and used for animal
bedding.

24. BEFORE OPERATING COMBINE HARVESTER
Before operating the combine harvester in field we should check the followings
in the field:
 Field condition
 Crop condition
 Moisture content
 Height of cutting

25. IDEAL REQUIREMENT’S OF A PERFECT
COMBINE HARVESTER
1. Less broken grains
2. No grain loss on the ground at the cutter bar end
3. No grain losses at the back end of the harvesting unit
4. No un-thrashed grain
5. Should give clean grains
6. Machine should be capable of operation on crop even with higher moisture content
7. Machine should be capable of working on various crops
8. Easy to operate
9. Easy to maintain
10. Should consume less fuel

26. CONSTRAINTS OF USING THE COMBINE HARVESTER
IN INDIA
 The constraints can be classified or divided into four groups they are:
1. Farmer constraints
2. Farm constraints
3. Crop constraints
4. Equipment's constraints

27. FARMER CONSTRAINTS
 Low income
 Low investing capacity
 Reluctance to change traditional methods
 Poor mechanical aptitude

28. FARMER CONSTRAINTS
 Small farm holdings
 Small plots with high bunds
 Inadequate ground support for harvesting equipments
 Lack of access road to the fields

29. CROP CONSTRAINTS
 High moisture content at harvesting time
 Uneven ripening
 Severe lodging and high shattering tendency of local variety
 Low grain / panicle-straw ratio

30. EQUIPMENT'S CONSTRAINTS
 Lack of functionality of machines regarding operation and maintainance skills
 Difficult to change the operational practices of farmers for operating
indigenous tools
 High cost of imported equipments

31. PADDY COMBINE HARVESTER

32. SUGARCANE COMBINE HARVESTER

33. SOYBEAN COMBINE HARVESTER

34. MAIZE COMBINE HARVESTER

35. MANUFACTURING COMPANIES OF COMBINE
HARVESTERS
 TAFE
 MAHINDRA
 JOHN DEERE
 FORCE MOTORS
 RENAULT SONALIKA INTERNATIONAL
 SWARAJ
 EICHER MOTORS
 STANDARD

36. MINI COMBINE HARVESTER

37. PADDY MINI COMBINE HARVSTER SUGARCANE MINI COMBINE HARVESTER

38. FEATURES OF MINI COMBINED HARVESTER
 Light weight, low ground pressure and reliable field moving
 Stable quality for special harvester gearbox
 Easy to maintain
 Convenient to operate
 Suitable for hilly land and small field
 Less cost and consumes less fuel than combine harvesters

39. THANK YOU
Submitted to
Dr. JANARDAN KAMBALE
ASST. Prof Dept. of Agricultural
Engineering