shows some statistical facts and literature on oyster mushroom using different media for its propagation.

1. 1

2. SUBSTRATE EVALUATION FOR SPAWN
PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF OYSTER
MUSHROOM
By
Muhammad Rizwan Liaqat
2

3. Introduction
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4. Introduction
 Higher fungi
 12000 spp
 2000 edible
 120 commercially cultivated
Mushrooms
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5. 5

6. Mushroom were one of man’s earliest foods.
An exotic and luxurious food reserved for the rich.
They can be grown anywhere as long as the conditions for their
growth and cultivation are provided.
Available mushroom technologies range in complexity from very
high to amazingly low.
Introduction
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7. Oyster mushroom
Edible mushroom , excellent flavor
and taste.
3rd largest commercially produce
mushroom.
 naturally on rotten wood material.
40 well recognized species. 12 are
cultivated.
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8. × Mushroom normally ranges between 20 and 40% in
protein.
× Also contain all the essential amino acids .
× low in total fat content and have a high proportion of
polyunsaturated fatty acids (72 to 85%) relative to total fat
content.
× High content of linoleic acids is one of the reasons why
mushrooms are considered a health food.
Nutrition value
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9. Mushroom classification
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10. • Large quantity of agriculture wastes produces
annually
• Alternate method of utilization these agriculture
waste
• Environment pollution problems associated
burning and soil incorporation.
INTRODUCTION
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• Cultivation of Saprophytic edible mushroom
may be the only current economical
biotechnology for lignocelluloses organic waste
recycling that combines the production of
protein rich food with the reduction of
environmental pollution

11. OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of agricultural wastes and grains for
the development of spawn.
To evaluate spawn developed on different
agricultural substrates for mushroom yield.
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12. Materials and Methods
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13. Mushroom culture Preparation
Strain of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida)
Pure culture was maintained on malt extract medium.
Grain and waste collection
Malakander farm & other location of K.P
LAB EXPERIMENT
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14. oven dried at 50 oC
for seven days
ground in a Grinding
mill 1mm mesh size
SUBSTRATE PREPARATION OF WASTE
substrate 83%
wheat bran 15%
gypsum 1%
calcium carbonate 1%
14

15. soaked in
water 24
hours
Excessive
water
drained
off
capped &
sterilized
at 121oC
for 20
minutes.
Inoculatio
n in
aseptic
condition
capped
and sealed
incubated
for 15-20
days at
25oC
SUBSTRATE PREPARATION
OF GRAINS
substrate 83%
wheat bran 15%
gypsum 1%
calcium carbonate 1%
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16. Substrates used for spawn production
S.NO Name of the substrate
1 Lipedium spp
2 Date palm leaves
3 Okra
4 Barseem
5 Tea waste
6 Mung bean
7 Paddy straw
8 Red chilli
9 Maize grains
10 Millet grains
11 Wheat grains 16

17. Substrate preparation
Chopped wheat straw 4-5cm
soaked in water for 48 hours to moisten
left overnight to remove the excess of water
Retain 80-90% moisture in the straw
Mushroom house Experiment
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18. 18

19. Filling and Pasteurization of bags
Substrate was filled in heat resistant glass bags
pasteurized for 3-4 hours at 80-900C
left overnight for cooling
Mushroom house Experiment
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20. Inoculation
Inoculated with spawn of oyster
mushroom developed on selected
agricultural wastes and grains.
All the bags were labeled and incubated in
the production room at 25oC.
Mushroom house Experiment
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21. DATA RECORDED
Time for completion of spawn running
Days to appearance of pin heads
Number of pin heads
Days to maturity formation
Biological efficiency (BE)
Cost benefit ratio
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22. Yield:
Number of fruiting bodies per bag
Sustenance percentage
Weight of Sporophore
Cap diameter
Data analysis
DATA RECORDED
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23. Results and
Discussions
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24. Mycelial growth of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida)
on different substrates(Top to bottom).
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25. Substrate 5 days 10 days 15 days
Lepedium spp 9.25 e 20.50 d 25.00 de
Date palm leaves 13.30 d 36.66 bc 47.00 b
Okra waste 31.00 a 56.66 a 69.25 a
Barseem waste 0.00 f 10.00 e 15.00 ef
Tea waste 0.00 f 8.00 e 8.75 f
Mung beans pods 12.66 d 28.66 cd 34.33 bcd
Paddy straw 22.50 bc 56.00 a 65.00 a
Red chilies 14.00 d 23.00 d 31.00 cd
Maize grains 20.33 c 42.50 b 44.50 bc
Millet grains 20.33 c 38.00 bc 41.00 bc
Wheat grains 24.00 b 38.33 bc 42.66 bc
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.2095 10.411 14.231
Effect of substrates on mycelial growth (mm) of oyster mushroom
(Pleurotus florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level
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26. Substrate
Spawn run in days
25% 50% 75% 100%
Date palm leaves 13.00 c 17.50 bc 23.50 c 27.50 de
Okra waste 14.00 b 19.33 ab 24.66 b 30.66 b
Mung beans pods 9.00 e 14.00 d 20.50 e 26.66 e
Paddy straw 9.16 e 14.33 d 17.33 f 24.16 f
Red chilies 10.33 d 14.16 d 22.50 d 29.50 c
Maize grains 15.66 a 21.00 a 25.33 b 29.83 bc
Millet grains 14.83 ab 21.66 a 26.83 a 31.83 a
Wheat grains 10.66 d 15.83 cd 21.33 e 28.16 d
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.89 2.49 0.87 0.88
Effect of substrate on spawn running of
Pleurotus florida.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at
5% level of probability.
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27. Substrate Different mushroom stages (days)
Spawn run pin heads Fruiting bodies Total days
Date palm leaves 27.5 de 7.1 ef 2.6 c 37.3 e
Okra waste 30.6 b 9.3 c 3.5 a 43.3 b
Mung beans pods 26.6 e 7.6 e 2.6 c 37.0 e
Paddy straw 24.1 f 7.0 f 2.5 c 33.6 f
Red chilies 29.5 c 7.6 e 3.3 ab 40.5 c
Maize grains 29.8 bc 12.3 a 2.8 bc 45.0 a
Millet grains 31.8 a 10.5 b 3.5 a 45.8 a
Wheat grains 28.1 d 8.3 d 2.5 c 39.0 d
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.88 0.66 0.63 1.31
Effect of substrate on different stages of
Pleurotus florida.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5%27

28. Cap diameter
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29. Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Cap diameter(cm)
Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 5.1 bc
Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 5.3ab
Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 4.9 bcd
Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 5.8 a
Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 4.6 cd
Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 4.8 bcd
Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 4.6 d
Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 5.1 bc
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 0.52
Comparison of different parameters of oyster mushroom (P.
florida) grown from the developed spawn on different
substrates.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5%
level of probability
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31. Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Sustenancy (%)
Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 25.23 c
Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 25.24 c
Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 26.51 c
Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 21.58 d
Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 31.60 b
Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 24.52 c
Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 44.72 a
Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 32.00 b
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 2.809
Sustenance potential (%) from pin heads to fruiting
body development on different substrate.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5%
level of probability
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33. Substrate Ist Week 2ND Week 3RD Week 4TH Week Totals Means
Date palm leaves 88.2 a 58.5 a 52.4 a 50.8 a 250.1 a 62.5 a
Okra waste 67.1 b 40.7 b 20.2 cd 18.7 de 146.8 c 36.7 c
Mung beans pods 36.1 f 17.1 d 15.7 f 14.2 g 83.3 f 20.8 f
Paddy straw 90.2 a 60.4 a 38.4 b 34.5 c 223.7 b 55.9 b
Red chilies 59.0 c 29.1 c 22.0 c 19.2 d 129.4 d 32.3 d
Maize grains 53.5 d 20.6 d 19.7 de 16.9 ef 110.9 e 27.7 e
Millet grains 47.3 e 25.6 c 17.7 ef 16.0 fg 106.7 e 26.6 e
Wheat grains 90.0 a 57.0 a 51.6 a 46.2 b 245.0 a 61.2 a
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.52 4.58 2.13 2.03 7.28 1.82
Effect of substrate on yield of oyster
mushroom (P. florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level
of probability
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34. Substrate Biological efficiency (%)
Date palm leaves 19.24 a
Okra waste 11.29 c
Mung beans pods 6.41 f
Paddy straw 17.21 b
Red chilies 9.95d
Maize grains 8.52 e
Millet grains 8.21 e
Wheat grains 18.85 a
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.560
Effect of substrate on Biological efficiency of oyster
mushroom (Pleurotus florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5%
level of probability.
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35. Substrate Estimated costs Cost benefit ratio
Date palm leaves 15.00 0.3
Okra waste 10.00 0.2
Mung beans pods 10.00 0.2
Paddy straw 10.00 0.2
Red chilies 10.00 0.2
Maize grains 25.00 0.5
Millet grains 50.00 1.00
Wheat grains 30.00 0.6
Cost Benefit Ratio of the substrates used for the spawn
development of oyster mushroom (P. florida).
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36. Paddy straw and date palm leaves were found best
substrates for the spawn development of oyster
mushroom.
Instead of wheat grain we used paddy straw and date
palm leaves for spawn production.
Spawn developed on different substrates have significant
effect on yield of mushroom.
Date palm leaves and paddy straw were showed good
results for yield among the substrates on which spawn
developed.
Conclusions &
Recommendations
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37. Research work is needed to investigate the effect of
substrate on sustainable yield of edible mushrooms
with regards to commercial production.
Research is also needed to check the chemical
composition of these substrates.
Further Detailed studies are required to explore other
agricultural waste for spawn and mushroom
production.
Conclusions &
Recommendations
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38. Thankful to
Higher Education Commission.
Acknowledgment
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