2. Types of Settlements
• Roman
– Colonae
– Municipia Conveyed rights
– London
• Romano-Celtic
– Oppida Civitas Capitals Some self-
government
– Vici
– Market towns
7. Size - Population
1. London 50-60,000
2. Cirencester
3. Verulamium (St. Albans) ~10,000
4. Wroxeter
8. City Locations
Ports London, Chichester,
Colchester Dorchester,
Exeter, Lincoln,
Manchester
Other Canterbury, Cirencester,
Gloucester, Leicester,
Lincoln, Silchester,
Verulamium(St. Albans),
Winchester, Wroxeter, York
9. Aldborough Brigantes
Brough on Humber Parisi Vicus
Civitas Capitals
Caerhun
Caerwent
Caistor St. Edmonds
Deceangi
Silures
Iceni
Vicus to Civitas
Canterbury Cantiaci Oppidum to Civitas
Carmathen Demetae Vicus to Civitas
Chichester Regnenses
Cirencester Dobunii Vicus to Civitas
Dorchester Durotriges
Exeter Dumnonii Fortress to Civitas
Leicester Coritani Vexillation fortress to
Civitas
Silchester Atrebates Oppidum to Civitas
Widford/Chelmsford Trinovantes
Winchester Belgae
Wroxeter Cornovii
The Multangular Tower in the Museum Gardens is the most noticeable and intact structure remaining from the Roman walls. It was constructed as part of a series of eight similar defensive towers, built on the orders of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus, who lived in Eboracum, as Roman York was known, from 209 to 211 AD. It has ten sides and is almost 30 feet (9.1 m) tall. The lower courses are original Roman stonework, though the upper course with arrowslits is a later medieval addition.
The skeletal remains of a Roman woman known as the Ivory Bangle Lady have helped archaeologists discover that wealthy people from across the Empire were living in fourth century York.Their research on one of the Yorkshire Museum’s best-preserved burial finds paints a picture of a cosmopolitan city, a theme explored in our new Roman York gallery, opening in August 2010.The high-status, mixed-race woman will be one of six characters from Roman York whose stories will be told in the exhibition, using real evidence found by archaeologists.She was found buried in 1901 near to Sycamore Terrace, a street lying mid-way between Bootham, the main road going north out of York, and the River Ouse.Her remains, dated to the second half of the fourth century, were found with jet and elephant ivory bracelets, earrings, pendants, beads, a blue glass jug and a glass mirror.The most famous object from the burial is a rectangular openwork mount of bone, possibly from an unrecorded wooden casket, which reads “Hail, sister, may you live in God” indicating she may have had Christian beliefs.The research by the University of Reading’s Department of Archaeology analysed her facial features, the chemical signature of the food and drink she consumed and the evidence from the burial site. It all pointed to a high status incomer to Roman York, likely to have been of North African descent.
The blue glass jugThis high quality jug is extremely well preserved and would have been made in the Cologne glass-houses of Rhineland, in modern-day Germany
Bone openwork mountThe words read Sororavevivas in deo, which means Hail sister, may you live in God, suggesting a Christian burialBlue glass necklaceAnother high quality item, which consists of 37 diamond and triangle-faceted beads and 34 cylindrical beads
To the Emperor Caesar TrajanusHadrianus Augustus, son of the deified TrajanusParthicus, grandson of the deified Nerva, PontifexMaximus, holding a tribunican power for the fourteenth time, consul for the third time, father of the Country, the community of the Cornovii (erected this building).
