A White Paper On Building Information Modeling

A White Paper on Building Information Modeling
The future direction for the Architecture and Building industry is clearly BIM. Although there are
disadvantages to BIM but this is so with every technology. The question is do the advantages far
outweigh the disadvantages? In the case of BIM the answer is a clear yes. In the past decade, there
has not been any technology, invention or innovation that has had such an impact on the
Architecture and building industry as BIM. In 2005, a survey conducted by the American Institute of
Architects showed that 85% of architects had never heard of BIM. However, by 2009, 75% of
architects are heavy users of BIM. This is a 160% increase in 4 years. (Pierce,2009). The McGraw
Hill Construction Smart Market report conducted a survey which showed that ... Show more content
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The GSA hopes to create a knowledge portal community and a six part BIM guide series. The US
Coastal Guards, US Navy and the US Army Corp of Engineers are large owners implementing BIM.
BIM is becoming the standard for transforming the way facilities are programmed, designed, built,
operated and disposed in the federal government. (Sullivan and Sherman2007) In the private sector,
clients like Disney are asking for BIM projects. BIM project is being used around the world. It was
used to design the Eureka Towers in Melbourne Australia which is the tallest residential building in
the world. It was also used to create the Freedom Towers which will be the world's tallest structure,
overlooking the World Trade Center in New York City. It is also being used to renovate the Pentagon
which is the largest office building in the world. The London Hospital Projects which is a very huge
project also uses BIM. (Howell and Batcheler 2005) It is hoped that globalization will bring new
competitors to the industry thereby bringing about a desired change in the present gap. Human and
Technical Gaps The gaps in BIM are human and technical. They include but are not limited to the
following: delineation of liability and responsibility between project members, different methods of
project delivery and contractual relationships, reliance on applications from various vendors based
on particular project requirement and project members optimizing
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Case Study On System Requirement Modeling
In this assignment I will be using assignment 2:1 case study to my system requirements. In this case
study we learn about a company called URCovered, which is an auto insurance companies and they
were developing a mobile application to improve their customer services and customer experience
in their claims management department. To develop this mobile applications projects this will
required a system requirement model, a requirement model, data process model, a DFD, data
dictionary, object modelling and final a use case diagram System Requirement Modelling In the
system requirement modelling this in be a fact gathering for information or fact finding, questions
will be place to our customer such as surveys, face to face interviews so we can

Building Information Modeling And Construction Industry
Building Information Modeling in Construction Industry
Jyothirmai Chatrathi, chatr1j@cmich.edu
BIS 625 Research in Information Systems
College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems
Central Michigan University
Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858
USA
Keywords:
Information systems, construction industry, Building Information Modeling.
Background:
The development of technology is very rapid in many industries, but in the field of construction it is
very slow and lagging, as the positive side of it is unsure. The present trend of buildings is more
innovative and complicated which are designed using the modern technologies, all these procedures
during the development stages involves substantial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Katz, 2010) This area of research in the field of Information systems is completely neglected. Most
of the research on BIM has so far been published in engineering disciplines such as construction
informatics (CI), which seeks to bridge the gap between computer science and construction (Björk,
2005). "This technical innovation is more important as it facilitates team co–ordination and
integration in the construction industry" (Aouad, 1999) BIM provides a common platform for
information which can be used by wide range of professionals who are involved during the design
and during the construction process, till the completion, till issuing occupancy certificate (Aksamija
Ajla and Ali, 2008). It helps the users from the initial conceptual design and transferring into a 3D.
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.1, clearly unveils the difference between past and future procedures. "The past processes
are distinct activities separated from the information that direct the final product, and the future
where information–centric integrated processes are essential" (Aksamija Ajla and Ali, 2008)
The Building Design+Construction conducted a survey, in which they got results as more than 75%
respondents

Difference Between Process Modeling And Configuration...
Assignment 2: Process Modeling vs. Configuration Management Page | 6
Assignment 2: Process Modeling vs. Configuration Management
Jason Tunnicliff
BUS437 PROJECT PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
James Marion
January 23, 2018
If you keep in your mind that the end goal of these processes is to find out which one is the most
applicable along the broadest possible ranges of situations businesses and other organizations face.
The first step is to understand both process modeling and configuration management and be able to
see the contrast between the two. The definition of the two are as follows process modeling "is the
analytical representation or illustration of an organization's business processes." ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2009). Essential Business Process Modeling. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Institute, s. e. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/productlines/frame_report/config.man.htm.
Morris, P. W., & Pinto, J. K. (2007). The Wiley Guide To Project Technology, Supply Chain &
Procurement Management. NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pearsonhighered.com. What Is Configuration.
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0321117662.pdf.
Quigley, J. M., & Robertson, K. L. (2015). Configuration management: Theory, practice, and
application.
Rouse, M. (2012, February). What is business process modeling? – Definition from WhatIs.com.
Retrieved January 23, 2018, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/business–process–
modeling
Rouse, M. (2017, March). Configuration management. Retrieved January 23, 2018, from
http://searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/configuration–management–CM
Shiau, J. (2011). Effectivity date analysis and scheduling. International Journal of Production
Research, 49, 2771–2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207541003713017
U. (2017, August 02). 5 Things About Configuration Management Your Boss Needs To Know.

Building Information Modeling ( Bim )
Building Information Modeling (BIM): Uses & Future of BIM in construction Industry
CON 524 – Building information Modeling
Mohammed Murtuza Ali
Date: 05–09–2014
ABSTRACT
Building information modeling is a coordinated set of processes which is supported by technology
for digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of places. It is a process that
relies on information rich models to help owners and Architectural/Engineering/Construction (AEC)
service providers to more efficiently plan, design, construct and manage building and infrastructure
projects. Building information modeling is now becoming more popular and transforming the global
AEC industry. The usage of BIM now is on high rise because it provides greater ... Show more
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In October and December 2009, there was online survey conducted to quantify the frequency of
each BIM Use along with the perception value for the BIM Use and the survey results represent that
the largest percentage of respondents were the architects (36%), Design consultant(13%),General
contractors(14%),and CAD consultant (14 %) and the least respondent were specialty contractors
and facility managers (4%)
There are top 25 works can be done by BIM in Construction Industry and every BIM use has
different frequency and benefit. The works done by using BIM in construction industry are as
follows:
(1)3D Coordination (2) Design Reviews (3)Design authoring (4)Construction System Design (5)
Existing Condition Modeling (6) 3D Control and planning (7) Programming (8) Phase planning(4D
modeling) (9) Record Modeling (10) Site Utilization Planning (11) Site analysis (12) structural
Analysis (13) Energy Analysis (14) Cost Estimation (15)Sustainability LEED Evaluation (16)
Building System Analysis (17) Space Management /Tracking (18)Mechanical Analysis (19) Code
Validation (20) Lighting Analysis (21) Other Engineering analysis (22)Digital Fabrication (23) Asset
Management (24) Building Maintenance Scheduling (25) Disaster Planning.
For a construction project to complete it

Technology Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And The...
1 INTRODUCTION This report will focus on the technology Building Information Modeling (BIM)
and the connections between ethics, environment and innovation. As part of the course TFL200 one
of the main topics was to apply the philosophy of systems thinking in order to get a holistic
overview of the topic. The concept of BIM has existed since the 1970s, but has just recently started
to see an increase in use as better software becomes available and the value is recognized. As
facilities become more complex, BIM–software assist with virtual construction prior to its actual
physical construction, this aids in reducing uncertainty, improved safety, collision detection and
problem solving as well as to simulate and analyze the construction. Compared to traditional
methods of building design, there is considerable more useful information that can be put into a
BIM–model. This leads to better quantities and shared properties of materials extraction, as well as
waste minimization and prefabrication of products delivered just in time rather than being stockpiled
on site. 2 Research question(s) Building information modelling is a relatively new and developing
technology which many companies have implemented in their practices. This leads to the research
question(s) in this report: What are the benefits and challenges of using BIM over the traditional
methods in the Norwegian construction scene, and how will innovation in this field affect the future
of construction? 3 THEORY AND

Financial Modeling
1. Explain 'Free cash flow'. Comment on its significance in business valuation. 2. Illustrate the
'VLookup' function. Explain its importance.
3. Explain 'Pivot tables' in excel & state their value in multi–dimensional analysis. 4. Explain
'Options' trading. State their significance in modern day trading. 5. Comment on the business models
of private equity funds.
6. Comment on valuation of 'distressed companies'.
7. Illustrate with an example any three capital structure ratios.
8. Illustrate with an example any three profitability ratios.
9. State and explain 'time value of money'.
10. Explain with an example, the 'if–then' analysis & features in excel enabling it. 11. Explain
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The usage of a pivot table is extremely broad and depends on the situation. The first question to ask
is, "What am I looking for?" In the example here, let us ask, "How many Units did we sell in each
Region fo
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
How a pivot table works
Using the example above, software will find all distinct records for Region. In this case, they are:
North, South, East, West. Furthermore, it will find all distinct records for Ship Date. Based on the
aggregation type, sum, it will summarize the fact and display them in a multidimensional chart. In
the example above, the first datum is 66. This number was obtained by finding all records where
both Region was East and n finance, private equity is an asset class consisting of equity securities in
operating companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange.[1]
A private equity investment will generally be made by a private equity firm, a venture capital firm or
an angel investor. Each of these categories of investor has its own set of goals, preferences and
investment strategies; however, all provide working capital to a target company to nurture
expansion, new product development, or restructuring of the company's operations, management, or
ownership.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Inserting Functions
Excel comes with a wide array of functions that can easily be inserted into a spreadsheet. In

Mnemonic Modeling
When a hypothesis is formed and an experiment is planned, there are multiple steps to ensure the
measures taken are designed correctly and ethical. In this particular study about whether the new
mnemonic training will improve short term memory in 70 year olds. The conductor chose to include
testing 70 year olds with Alzheimer's disease to test the mnemonic program's effectivity. In this
experiment multiple aspects are being tested. First, the mnemonic's effectivity on the short tem
memory of 70 year olds. In this scenario is the group with no training is the control group, whereas
the group completing the program is the experimental group. The independent variable is the
mnemonic program and the dependent variable is score on Wechsler memory ... Show more content
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The experiment is this particular design because there are multiple variables at play: Alzheimer's
disease, the mnemonic program, and the Wechsler scale score. At the end of the study the conductor
will be able to determine if there is a relationship between the program and improving short term
memory in 70 year olds. The tester can use moderation to test if having Alzheimer's and the program
will have a relationship with a higher scale score. They could also use mediation to see if either/ or
the independent variables will have a relationship with increase scale scores. Hierarchical linear
modeling could be used to follow the pattern of increase or decrease in an individual over time.
Correlation methods have both their advantages and disadvantages. First, the correlation test is that
responses can be graphed and interpreted as positive showing that with more training short term can
improve, or vice versa. One other possibility is that the slope will neither go positive of negative;
this would indicate that the scale score has nor relationship with the mnemonic program. The
disadvantage to correlation tests is that the researcher cannot say her program caused the elder's
scores to increase, she simple cannot justify that because not tested factors (age, diet, etc.) cannot be
out

Learning Systems Development And Software Construction And...
According to the textbook, there are at least two (2) approaches to the SDLC, two (2) approaches to
software construction and modeling, and many techniques and models. The following could be
possible reasons for such a diversity of approaches:
The field is young.
The technology changes quickly.
Different organizations have different needs.
There are many types of systems.
Developers have widely different backgrounds
The two basic approaches within the SDLC include the predictive approach which assumes that the
project can be organized and planned with well–defined requirements and carried out with no major
setbacks. The adaptive approach looks at a project that is less defined and can't be planned.
Developers must be more flexible and adapt to the needs of the users as they are identified. This
paper will look at the above listed potential reasons to determine their validity in defining why there
is diversity in system development and software construction and modeling.
When assessing the reason "the field is young", one may surmise that newer developers may adopt
more modern methodologies. Agile modeling came about after more traditional practices. However,
less experienced developers may lean toward a more known and proven theory like the waterfall
approach which uses successive phases to be completed and finalized. The waterfall is rigid but
more predictable and may be easier to manage for new project managers. Using different types of
techniques may confuse a

Optimization Of Software Based Systems Agile Modeling
ABSTRACT:
For the effective product based methodology and for the documentation of software based systems
Agile modeling is the best practice. Whereas agile modelling is collection of the values and the
practices of the software modelling which can he applied in a software development project in a
most effective manner. I would like take this paper as medium and discuss the goals and the scope
for the Agile modeling. The main concentrations is about the two approaches of software
development i.e Agile Model driven development (AMDD) and the Test–Driven Development
(TDD). And also the steps of the software development topics are discussed.
The following Keywords used in the paper.
Agile Modeling,
Agile Model–Driven Development,
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For the successful development of agile modeling stake holder's participation plays an important
role because they know what they want and give you a good feedback.
Values:
Agile modeling helps in extending the values of extreme programming. The agile modeling values
includes are as follows.
communication,
simplicity,
feedback,
courage and humility
The success of the agile modeling lies between the better communication between the customers and
the software developers. This better communication leads for the good understanding in the
modeling phase about the requirements of the customers. So, this will helps to meet the needs of the
stakeholders. And having the feedback on the work is very important. And also humility by letting
others also to add the value to the project efforts.
Principles:
Modeling should be simple.

Should be quick in changes because requirements of the customers will change over time.
Changes should be made for enable agility.
As mention above feedback should be taken on the work to meet the needs of the stakeholders.
Start the model with a purpose and take and refer multiple models for the effective development.
Representation is very important than content.
Modeler should have knowledge about the tools.
Focus is need for the better quality of work.
Practices:
Several Models should be created parallel.
Right artifacts.
Small increments should be used in a model.
Goals of Agile Modeling:

Unified Modeling Language ( Uml ) For Database Systems And...
Unified Modeling Language (UML) for Database Systems and Computer Applications Abstract This
paper shows the ideas of database frameworks and also the outline of the utilization of Brought
together Demonstrating Dialect (UML) as a standard documentation of true protests in creating item
situated configuration procedure for PC applications. The UML is a device for determining
programming frameworks that incorporate institutionalized charts to characterize outline and
outwardly guide or model a product framework 's configuration and structure. UML graphs
incorporate the utilization case outline, class chart, grouping graph, state diagram graph, movement
chart, segment chart, and sending graph. The incorporation of these graphs to distinctive
programming methods has been examined. Keywords: android, android platform, SQLite database
1. Introduction The initial phase in building up an article situated outline approach for PC
applications and in addition for database frameworks is the utilization of UML (Bound together
Demonstrating Dialect) as a standard documentation for the displaying of true questions.
Programming frameworks originators and engineers are given numerous decisions for giving solid,
adaptable and effective article constancy for PC applications and database frameworks. They could
pick between Item Arranged, Object–Social cross breeds, unadulterated Social and custom
arrangements taking into account open or exclusive record groups. UML is viewed as an

Designing A 3d Modeling Software
Once you have a 3D model the next step is to prepare it in order to make it 3D printable. Preparing a
3D model to be 3D printed is called slicing. Slicing is dividing a 3D model into hundreds or
thousands of horizontal layers. This is done with software. It can sometimes be done within a 3D
modeling software application. Certain 3D printers require a certain slicing tool. Once the 3D
modelTo begin 3D printing you first have to make a virtual design of the object that you want to
create. The virtual design is a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file. A CAD file is created using a 3D
modeling application or with a 3D scanner. A 3D scanner is used to make a 3D digital copy of an
object.
3D scanners: Microsoft and Google have recently created hardware that can perform 3D scanning.
An example of this is Microsoft's Kinect. Soon digitizing real objects into 3D models will become
much easier. Smartphones may even have integrated 3D scanners.
3D modeling software: 3D modeling software comes in many forms. There's industrial grade
software that costs thousands of dollars a year, or there's a free open source software, like Blender.
is sliced, it is ready to be sent to the 3D printer. This can be done via USB, SD, or wifi, depending
on the brand and type of 3D printer you have. When a file is uploaded in a 3D printer, the object is
3D printed layer by layer. The 3D printer reads every slice and creates a three dimensional object.
Types of 3D Printing
Some 3D printers use different

Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling Methods
As research across all fields and topics evolve, techniques on how to improve research endeavors,
such as statistical modeling techniques, become important to utilize. Hierarchical linear modeling,
similarly known as multilevel modeling, has been a statistical approach that has gained attention and
improved the analysis and interpretation of research data (Osborne, 2000). Hierarchical linear
modeling is a regression–based statistical analysis that considers the hierarchical (i.e., multiple
levels; nested) nature of variables within a dataset. Hierarchical data is data that has an
organizational structure consisting of units of groups (i.e., levels) that are clustered under a larger
group. Therefore, the variables within a dataset may have mediating effects and such effects can
only be explored when taking into account the clustering of groups in the data.
Prior to the wide spread use of hierarchical linear analyses, data that was structured hierarchically in
nature was not analyzed appropriately due to the neglect of considering the correlated, underlying
relationships among independent and dependent variables. Considering the correlated parameters of
a proposed relationship within a dataset is of importance because the relating parameters would
indicate that the variables are not independent. Thus, violating the assumption of independence and
increasing the likelihood to make a Type 1 error, in addition to resulting in biased standard errors
and hypothesis tests.

Modeling and Simulation
Modeling and Simulation
A Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real–world process or system over time. It
involves the generation of an artificial history of a system and observation of the artificial history to
draw inferences concerning the operating characteristics of the real system. Simulation can be used
both as an analysis tool for predicting the effect of changes to existing systems and as a design tool
to predict performance of new systems under varying sets of circumstances
Advantages of Simulation: 1– Choose correctly. 2– Time compression and expansion 3– Explore
possibilities. 4– Diagnose problems. 5– Identify constraints. 6– Develop understanding. 7– Visualize
the plan. 8– Prepare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. By using simulation to perform bottleneck analysis, you can discover the cause of the delays in
work–in–process, information, materials, or other processes. 3. Simulation studies aid in providing
understanding about how a system really operates rather than indicating an individual's predictions
about how a system will operate 4. By compressing or expanding time simulation allows you to
speed up or slow down phenomena so that you can thoroughly investigate them.
Lecture 2:
A system 1. A system is defined as a group of objects that are joined together in some regular
interaction or interdependence toward the accomplishment of some purpose Example: Automobile
factory – Machines, parts, and workers operate jointly to produce a vehicle Example: Computer
network – User, hosts, routers, lines establish a network
2. A system is often affected by changes occurring outside the system. Such changes are said to
occur in the system environment.
Component of a System
Entity: an entity is an object of interest in the system.
Attribute: an attribute is a property of an entity.
Activity: an activity represents a time period of specified length.
State: the state of a system is defined to be that collection of variables necessary to describe the

The Unified Modeling Language ( Uml )
The Unified Modeling language (UML) is defined in the Software Engineering as a form of defining
the design of the system. It is a way to envision the system architecture in the form of a diagram.
The paper discusses about the genesis of UML modeling and the forms of diagrams which are used
in the UML modeling based on the survey conducted on various employees based on their skill set
and level of experience in the software engineering field. Now we will go through each aspect of the
UML modeling and try to derive conclusions on how far was UML modeling has been able to
penetrate into day to day activities of this field and also discuss about the complexities associated
with each components of the UML modeling as well as pros and cons. UML is powerful modeling
language by which we can develop many diagrams which are user ready.UML can be used in web
and commercial applications etc.UML is used to visualize, construct and to make a note of the
software systems. In the beginning it was only used for the object oriented documentation and it can
be also applied in the visualization of certain systems for elements such as discrete components in a
system and their interaction and user interaction. The UML contains many diagrams which are used
to envision a system architecture. In UML the diagrams are divided into two types
mainly1)Structural UML diagrams and 2)Behavioral UML diagrams . The Structural UML diagrams
contain class diagram, composite diagram, component diagram,

Best Practice Paper : Data Modeling
IST 659
Ramya Jain
Best Practice Paper : Data Modelling
Date – 10/14/2015
Introduction
A data model is a conceptual representation of the data structures that are required by a database
[Mamčenko, J. (n.d.)]. The data structures gives the information about data objects, associations
between data objects, and the rules which administer actions on the objects. A data model serves as a
bridge between the concepts of the real world and how the data is physically organized in the actual
database. Data modelling has been ongoing for many years but still businesses struggle to extract the
value from their data and thus, create well designed, intuitive models [Data Modeling Best
Practices. (n.d.).]. With businesses considering for innovative ways ... Show more content on
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There is no excuse for not constructing at least a summary data model."
In the paper "Best practices in system dynamics modeling" by Ignacio J. Martinez–Moyano and
George P. Richardson a comprehensive research of the best practices are presented. The paper
mentions what is believed to be the best way to undertake database modelling. What core activities
should be undertaken during different phases of modelling? What are the most significant practices
to be trailed throughout various phases of modelling practice?
Department of Health and Human Services presents data modelling best practices in their practice
guides "Enterprise performance life cycle framework" for logical and physical data modelling. In
this paper, author mainly talks about gathering requirements and creating a logical model are the key
to a good physical design. The author mentions about creating the logical model first and then
transform into physical model. A revision should also be made in the logical and physical data
model as business needs change. It described various best practices like proper communication,
conducting requirement gathering and analysis, review and approve, iterative process and change
management.
Suggested Data Modelling Best Practice
As mentioned by Ignacio and George (2013), there is no explicit text for best practices for data
modelling. Even though a lot of books have written about practices to be followed for data

Fashion Modeling Career
The career I would like to learn in my future is being in the fashion model industry. Choosing this
career took place when I walked in the "Victoria Secret" underwear store I would spot the wide
screens and the fashion models wearing all the clothes and underwear on. In my point of view, this
would be a great future for myself since I'm confident and I have those great personalities I am great
with people and I can put myself into character in the show and I believe I have an attractive shaped
for the clothes. I ask myself if I were able to make it, I would literally be great full and will retain
me from bad people and food for my health. In my perspective, this would be a surprising career for
me and my family. They pay very well and I would like to make my dreams come true and be proud
receiving my own money. General description of duties and responsibilities First of all, a modeling
career is all about representing famous new clothes and traveling the world. Choosing this career
was unbelievable because I walked through the store ¨Victoria Secret¨ and I would look at the
models, modeling clothes and underwear and in that moment I thought about that career. Some
duties I would need to accomplish are dedicating time and keeping a nice body shape to fit the
clothes without any problem. Another two are having confidence and keeping a strong mind. One
responsibility is being able to travel because that´s very important to visit different places and being

Building Information Modeling : Bim
Building Information Modeling "BIM", is an intelligent, model based process for planning,
designing, building and managing buildings and infrastructures. BIM is a very powerful way for
designers and architects to lay out building plans and designs. BIM is not just single piece of
software or model, but a system of information processing and collaboration, with data fixed within
the model. BIM begins with a 3D digital model of the building or infrastructure that is being
planned out. However, the model that BIM provides is much more than just a 3D model. BIM
technology allows for the project managers, designers and architects to see virtual equivalents of all
the buildings parts that are going to be used throughout the entire construction process of the
building. BIM brings together all of the information about every element of a building, and stores all
the data in one place. It allows anyone working on the project to access the data in order to integrate
different aspects of the design more effectively. BIM reduces the risk of mistakes which in turn
helps to stay on budget and enhance efficiency. BIM data can be used to illustrate the entire building
life–cycle, from start to finish. Spaces, systems, products and sequences can be shown in
comparative scale to each other. And by signaling conflict detection BIM prevents errors from
occurring at the various stages of development/construction. When BIM is utilized during a project,
its results in better communication which

Neural Modeling
Researchers in the field of neuroscience have long disputed the type of neural modelling that allows
for the processing of visual stimuli in the brain. I believe that a hierarchical framework exists in
which both distributed and localised modelling can occur at different stages. Distributed modelling
occurs at lower hierarchal levels and localised modelling, characterised by grandmother cells, occurs
at higher levels. Neurons in higher levels pool information passed on from lower levels to so that the
representation of concepts becomes more complex and specialised. It is through this formation of
grandmother cells that a visual stimulus can be represented in the brain in an invariant manner.
Research on the processing of visual stimuli have lead to findings that supports the notion of
hierarchal modelling in the brain. Hubel and Wiesel (1968) discovered the hierarchal coding of
neural cells in the primary visual cortex. Complex cells in this cortex ... Show more content on
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hair colour, complexion) are associated with a visual stimulus. This is achieved through the
synchronised and repetitive firing of distributed neurons. Since it just so happened that I was once
good friends with this person, I do actually associate many low level features with her. Hence, it is
more likely that I posses a vastly sparse or localised representation of them in the higher areas of my
brain. The grandmother cell in my brain that has been devoted to her will be invariantly activated
when I am presented with a visual stimulus of her such as the newspaper photo. Moreover, it allows
me to achieve faster neural response and stimulus recognition. It is possible that this neuron will
also be activated when I am presented with a visually similar stimulus as a result of incidental co–
activation or that I possess redundant grandmother cells that represent

The 's Secret Model By Cameron Russell
Victoria 's Secret Model, Cameron Russell, delivered one of the most profound TED Talks delivered
on the Mid Atlantic stage, according to TED writer Cameron Gallo. The model explains that though
the modeling industry considered her a perfect, she does not believe her appearance defines her.
Thus she came up with the title for her speech, "Looks Aren 't Everything... Believe Me, I 'm a
Model.". She specifically addresses that children need to understand that modeling does not
constitute a glamorous career. The industry drowns out personal values, views, and appearances to
warp these characteristics into a general image accepted by the masses, according to Russell. She
describes her view on modeling, and how it essentially made her feel like a hard shell of a person
with no inner value. She ended by encouraging people to find a balance between outward
appearance and inner beauty.
"Looks Aren 't Everything.... Believe Me, I 'm a Model" is categorized as TED talk. These "talks"
are powered by nonprofit organizations dedicated to spreading ideas, in the form of speeches,
demonstrations, and videos. Richard Saul Wormac, describes the talks as "observations and
recognition of a powerful convergence among three fields: technology, entertainment and design"
(Gallo 3). World class speakers perform 18–20 minute presentations, within the three fields.
Cameron Russell addresses each individual field in her speech, not limiting herself to one specific
category. Modeling developed a

Benefits Of Building Information Modeling Essay
5. Benefits of Building information modeling in Cost Estimation
The cost estimation is the crucial section in the construction industry and estimation of cost is done
depending on the number of labor, material, and the time conditions. The cost estimation is a time
taking process and it seeks the participation of entire cost estimator group.
For estimating the cost, BIM produces rapid cost feedback throughout the lifecycle of the building.
The model has the ability which enables the construction companies to evaluate the project cost with
in–depth and higher accuracy rates where it reduces the cost and the expenses required.
By taking the help from the engineer and the architect the BIM make the cost estimations accurate
and easy when developing the digital form.
The BIM has the capability which carry out the pricing and the quantity take–offs for the cost–
estimation and this is possible because it identifies the real material used in the construction process.
Sattinen and Bradford stated that that BIM is compatible with estimating software like Innovaya
composer, where the software converts the BIM files. It makes the files compatible with the
estimation software like Timberline and the quantity data (Sattineni & Bradford, n.d). The
Innovaya's visual BIM and quantification products make the cost estimator to imagine entire
building model in a 3D cost–oriented environment performs quantifications and finally adds up the
construction data. According to Thurairajah

Improving Efficiency with Business Process Modeling
In order for businesses to be successful, they must find out what the customer wants and meet that
need. This can be difficult when dealing with the ever–evolving trends of today's society. Businesses
must remain flexible and constantly be experimenting with new technology and ideas to better
provide their services to the customer. To help accomplish this goal, Business Process Modeling can
be used to provide a solution, to help refine and organize business processes, which may in return
make the business more efficient.
A key feature of any successful business is how the business provides its services to customers. This
is often done through business processes, a collection of organized tasks or activities that are
intended to accomplish a specific goal. (Pittarese, 2014) These tasks may encompass different
functional areas and are designed to "create value for the customer."(Pittarese, 2014) Though a
business is successful and may have been around for quite some time, they often find the need to
update their business processes, in order to keep up with customer demands, technological advances,
and to improve efficiency within their company. One way of doing this could be through business
process modeling, a tool used by businesses to create a diagram of the various business processes
and actions that are carried out within a company.
In order to create a business process model, a business must first identify and create the current
business process model, which is

The Unified Modeling Language (UML), with its fourteen various diagram types, is a standard
notation for the modeling of real–world objects as a first step in developing an object–oriented
design method. Although a lot of semantics in the UML, we can widely describe in the more details
the system that will be developed, but we cannot make sure the correctness and consistency of the
designed model. Therefore, it is important to reduce the error from verifying user model in the early
phase, When those errors are discovered early in the design process it is easier and more cost helpful
to fix than if they were discovered at a later phase. The issue of consistency and inconsistency have
appeared since its infancy of the software development. These problems are bigger still in UML
software development, and are mainly reason of the presence of multiple–views (models) for the
same system, and It can contain potentially contradictory system specifications. In other meaning,
the UML diagrams describing a software must be consistent because inconsistencies between all
diagrams in UML It will be the source of the increase defects and errors in the software systems. It
is therefore important that these inconsistencies be detected in the system, analyzed and hopefully
fixed before implementing it. Without consistency analysis, it would be hard to evolve the model
and ensure that the collaborative effort is coherent. Although there are a lot of research and studies
that focus on the

Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And Geographical...
In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) have become an integral part of the construction industry of today, with their rapid expansion
and worldwide integration constantly leading to new ways for us to collaborate and improve. One
recent breakthrough for BIM has come in the form of Cloud computing, which has revolutionized
the speed at which we can collaborate and communicate with each other. The use of Cloud and other
technologies such as the IoT (Internet of Things) are just a few areas that the AEC sector can exploit
within the idea of City Information Modeling (CIM).
This paper discusses the current problems associated with BIM and GIS; while the use of Cloud
storage in BIM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By April 2016 BIM will be compulsory for all UK public sector construction projects. It has yet to
be adopted globally, but within the next decade it will be as integral to the construction industry as
CAD is today. It should not be seen as an updated version of CAD – rather a promotion for
integration and innovation. BIM provides a way for all members of a design team to collaborate on
every scale, efficiently and mistake–free, to avoid costly mistakes and delays. Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) also have a big role to play in the future of the AEC sector, providing
alternative approaches and unique outcomes.
The problems with BIM and GIS are hardly few and far between, but interoperability between the
two has huge potential to produce benefits to the industry in areas such as security and urban
planning. The introduction of Cloud computing has the possibility to vastly expand our ability to
create such highly technical models. Furthermore, the importance of real–time analysis on buildings
and cities can undoubtedly lead to more sophisticated, time–saving processes that ease our
understanding of BIM and help invigorate smarter engineering methods. But the question we may
ask is, how can this assimilation between BIM and GIS, as well as countless new technology trends,
lead to better, more advanced city models in the future?
Literature Review
Considering how far BIM has come in

Architecture And Construction Management : Building...
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a 3D model–based process that gives architecture,
engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently plan,
design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. According to AutoDesk, BIM is proving
useful in providing continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule, and
cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated, and fully co–ordinated. Graphisoft defines
BIM as the use of 3D virtual models of buildings, as well as a process of managing and collecting
building data. Both companies are the leading manufacturers of BIM software platforms. However,
the best definition is one that is provided by the US National ... Show more content on
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This report outlines 15 major advantages of using BIM software following by a description of 10
critical conflicts in the Tekla demo model as a practical exercise. Tekla BIMsight is a software
application for building information model–based construction project collaboration. It can import
models from other BIM applications using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, also DWG
and DGN. With Tekla BIMsight, users can perform spatial co–ordination (clash or conflict
checking) to avoid design and constructability issues, and communicate with others in their
construction project by sharing models and notes. (Wilkes,2012) 15 MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF
USING BIM SOFTWARE 1. Integration – BIM integrates plans, sections, details, graphics, and data
in ways not possible in 2D. 2. Cost Saving – reduction in building, operation and overhead cost.
Waste elimination. *20% reduction in build costs and 33% reduction is costs over the lifetime of the
building. 3. Time Saving – The period which is spent on the design can be cut by about half at half
the cost. Moreover, "half time at half cost" will not just save the money, it is also reducing the time
to the market. 4. Current information – BIM provides easy to access concurrent information on
performance of the project to the client, design team and the construction team 5. Human resource –
BIM users believe that BIM can reduce human resource during the entire operation phase.

Document Based Data Modeling Technique
Janu Barot
Database System
Midterm Exam
Document based data modeling technique and relational technique
In todays era, the volume of data we manage has developed to terabytes. As the volume of data
continues developing, the sorts of data produced by applications get to be wealthier than some time
recently. Subsequently, traditional relational databases are tested to catch, visualize, seek, share,
break down, and store data. We find many difficulties in managing big data using traditional data
modeling techniques. We still need an advance modeling techniques threw which we can solve
problems of managing big data. There are two types of data models in data base system one is
relational model and other is non ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Column–based or wide column NOSQL systems: These systems segment a table by column into
column families where every column family is put away in its own records. They additionally
permit forming of data qualities. Chart based NOSQL systems: Data is spoken to as graphs, and
related hubs can be found by navigating the edges utilizing way expressions Data with the
accompanying attributes is appropriate for a NoSQL system firstly, Data volume becoming quickly
secondly, Columnar development of data then, Document and tuple data Lastly, Hierarchical and
graph data. Data with the accompanying qualities may be more qualified for a conventional
relational database management system is On–Line Transaction Processing required atomicity,
consistency, disengagement, toughness prerequisites (ACID) then Complex data relationship and
Complex question prerequisites [2] Apache Cassandra are example of BigTable–style Databases
Oracle Coherence, Kyoto Cabinet is case of of Key–Value Stores. mongo DB and Couch DB is
example of document database and neo4j and flock dB is case of graph database. [4]. I have selected
document base data modeling to compare and contras with relational data modeling. Now before
starting compare and contras of document base data modeling and relational data modeling I would
like to explain what does data modeling and relational data modeling means. A data model is an
accumulation of ideas that can be utilized to depict the

Data Modeling For A Relational Database Management System
The need to store and evaluate data is a perpetually growing field in the world of information
systems. From the days of using flat files to very large database management systems that store
petabytes of data in real time, the practice of building information from data continues to evolve.
Today, the relational data model is quite ubiquitous and is used in a plethora of information systems
ranging from accounting systems, banks, retail business, and scientific usage. It is important to
understand the concepts involved in data modeling for a relational database management system in
order to build an effective and efficient system.
Data models weren't as sophisticated in the early days as they are today. In the 1960's and 70's the
first generation data models were comprised of an ad hoc file system with no concept of
relationships between the files (Coronel & Morris, 2015). For instance, one file might contain rows
of customer records while another would house invoices. For simple data, file systems worked, but
for large sets of interconnecting data, a data processing specialist was needed to create a program
that fetched the proper data, analyze it, formatted it, and presented it in a report that made sense to
the end user. For every new query, the data processing specialist needed to create a separate
application. Files became increasingly cumbersome the more that were added and they duplicated
quite a bit of data since there were no relationships between files. The time

Building Information Modeling Protocol Exhibit by the...
Published in 2008, the Building Information Modeling Protocol Exhibit by the American Institute of
Architects was developed in order to establish guidelines on the use of BIM throughout a project.
This is important in that it has addressed several outstanding questions such as, the responsibilities
for each element of the model, the authorized uses for the model, the extent to which users can rely
on the model, the management of the model, and who takes ownership of the model. After
developing a model for a dormitory building that belongs to the Polytechnic Institute of New York
University, several examples can be shown that help support the compliance of the Building
Information Protocol Exhibit. The responsibility of each individual ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another important responsibility function is shown in General Provision 2.1, which states that any
issues found within the model by anyone must notify the model element author for the that specific
element. The importance of this provision must not be taken lightly, because it establishes a
guideline that all parties involved within the creation of the model must report any discrepancies
that are found. When beginning the creation of the dormitory, a general mass and size for the
building was established within its required location. This pre–conceptual phase helps to visualize
the overall boundaries of the project and can be seen as the first level of development. Even the
surrounding buildings were created in order to visualize the dormitory within its surrounding area.
The next step was to begin the model of elements that pertain to the building, such as concrete walls
that were used. Overall lengths and volumes for these elements were established within the building
and this would be considered the second level of development. An architect can be considered a
responsible party in the first two levels of development. Responsibility for the third level could shift
to another party, such as a structural engineer. To further my example, a structural engineer would
take responsibility in the development of the structural aspects of the concrete walls, such as
establishing the rebar and other

Avinash Mallireddy #700626589 Article Review The Unified Modeling Language (UML) may be a
graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of
software–intensive systems. UML provides parts and functions to support the need of complicated
systems. UML follows the item destined ideas and methodology. Therefore object destined systems
square measure typically sculpt risqué mistreatment the pictorial language. The UML has a vital role
during this Object Oriented analysis and style, The UML diagrams square measure wont to model
the look. That the UML has a vital role to play. UML may be a most helpful methodology of mental
image and documenting software system systems style. UML uses ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
UML Notations: UML notations are the foremost necessary components in clay sculpture.
Economical and acceptable use of notations is improbably necessary for making a complete and
meaty model. The example is useless unless its purpose is described properly. So learning notations
need to be strained from the really start. Only completely different notations are for things and
relationships. And additionally the UML diagrams are created practice the notations of things and
relationships. Extensibility is another necessary feature that creates UML plenty of powerful and
versatile. UML Advantages: The UML is going to be utilized to model concerning any kind of
application, running on any character and combination of hardware, software, language, and
network, in UML. Built upon the Microsoft operative Framework (MOF) Meta model for object
adjusted modeling. UML Profiles facilitate to model Transactional, Real–time, and Fault–Tolerant
systems in a passing natural approach. This contains a capability to induce check scripts except stub
code once integrated with integrated development network. The reverse engineering support, UML
regenerate vogue level artifacts in accordance with the changes you created to the structure of
sophistication relationship. It explains the concepts like business modeling, enterprise style and
OOAD. To grasp the UML model, one needn 't grasp

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fused Deposition Modeling
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF PLASTICS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, AHMEDABAD
Title : surface finish improvement of FDM manufactured parts & mechanical properties
characterization
(For PLA Materials)
Internal guide Member's Name
Mr, Dignesh thesiya 1. Keshardeep Jain
(Faculty, CIPET ) 2. Shubham Agrawal 3. Pankaj
External guide 4. Vaishali Bhadrasen
Mr, Nirmal patel
(Director, Krishna engineering) CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Principle
3. Material
4. Advantage & application
5. Literature survey
6. Test
7. References INTRODUCTION
1. What is 3D printing?
3D printing is also known as desktop fabrication or additive manufacturing. It is a prototyping
process whereby a real object is created from a 3D design. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
 Et al [1] the chemical post treatment does not require human intervention and has led to a
signiﬁcant improvement in surface ﬁnish at the expense of a negligible change in the prototype size.
 Et al [3] the surface finish can be improved by choosing suitable build orientation of the part. It
can also be increased by reducing the layer thickness of build material.
 We have coating parts with epoxy resins and paints; this is by far the easiest method, and is great
for beginners.
 Et al [3] it will increase the build time. Some authors has reported that proper setting of FDM
machine parameters may lead to better surface finish.
 Et al [3] Out of post processing techniques, chemical treatment has been used successfully by
some researchers to produce a very good surface finish.

 Et al [4] the material property geometry and accuracy influence the 3D model build by PLA and
polyamide were compared on the quality prototype. Quality prototype build by polyamide 3D
material in the powder form using SLS process were acceptable when compared the prototype build
by PLA 3D material in the filament form using FDM

Research Paper On Software Modeling
This research paper will be focus on different software modeling techniques. Software modeling is
concerned with development process of software. Software modeling is central part of almost all
activities that took place in software development. These models help us to envision a system
according to our requirement by describing the structure and behavior of the system. There are three
basic techniques of software modeling; object oriented modeling, dynamic modeling and functional
modeling. Object oriented modeling concept start in 1990s, its basic building block is object that is
the instant of any class, and here class is a template containing attributes and methods of objects.
Classes and their relationships are present in class diagram. As a class have many type of relations
with other class within a class diagram. These relationships are about inheritance and some are
about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keywords: Software modeling, Object oriented modeling, dynamic modeling, functional modeling,
inheritance, association, polymorphism, encapsulation, interaction diagram, state diagrams, decision
tables I. INTRODUCTION In current era use of computers and machines are become vital in daily
life. To operate these machines, we need to give them instruction of doing some work in specific
format which is called software. So, when a problem arises or identified and one want a solution by
using machines, need of new software arise. And thus, a software development life cycle starts. To
make this life cycle more efficient and accurate, different SDLC model and software development
modeling techniques exist. Here in this research paper we will discuss software modeling
techniques. The term "model" is derived from the Latin word modulus, which means pattern,
measure, and rule. While a modeling language is any artificial

Modeling In The Classroom
1. Creating a positive atmosphere is important, but as the text says, can be difficult with other adults
in the room who are negative towards the students. If modeling is not working, what strategies work
best for getting assistants to engage in more positive interactions with the students?
For me, when I am in the classroom and other aides or adults are in my classroom, I model the
behavior that I expect the adults to have in the room. I also have clear expectations that are posted of
my students, which we also go over daily. I believe that modeling is something that should be done
every day, not just to "train" someone on what to do. Next, if I was witnessing an aide not doing
something or doing something that I felt was not positive, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
We should make sure that they are aware of an issue, such as a tooth ache or chronic headaches, or
even an eye exam. After that, if communication is not working, it is vital for us to document what is
happening in the class with the student, how often, and how many times we have tried to contact the
parents. If nothing changes with the parents, then I believe we can escalate the situation up to
administration. In many cases, administration might feel it is our duty to inform CPS depending on
the severity of the situation. If this is the case, then we contact CPS and make a report, in which we
are able to provide our documentation of the

Application Of A Business Process Modeling
Abstract– BPM is typically performed by business analysts, who provide expertise in the modeling
discipline. Every business requires some form of investment and enough customers to whom its
output can be sold on a consistent basis in order to make a profit. A series of action or steps to be
taken in order to achieve a particular end. Business process modeling enables a common
understanding and analysis of a business process. A process model can provide a comprehensive
understanding of a process. An enterprise can be analyzed and integrated through its business
processes. Hence the importance of correctly modeling its business processes. Business analysts can
use IBM Blueworks Live to denote milestones at various points in the process life cycle, including
the point at which the process is ready to be implemented in IBM BPM. IBM Blueworks Live is a
cloud–based business process modeler, belonging under the set of IBM SmartCloud applications.
The application is designed to help organizations discover and document their business process,
business decisions and policies in a collaborative manner.
Keywords– Bussiness Processing Modelling,Modeling tools, Functions, Case Study, Tool analysis.
I. I) BUSSINESS PROCESSING MODEL
BUSINESS process modeling unquestionably belongs to software development process. It usually
directly influences the database solution of the problem domain. Most of the business process
modeling methodologies simply originated form 'best practice' without

Analysis Modeling And Design Of Agile Modeling
AGILE MODELING
Sushank Vallepalli
(10000127296)
Virginia International University
Moses Niwe
Analysis Modeling and Design
ABSTRACT:
For the effective product based methodology and for the documentation of software based systems
Agile modeling is the best practice. Whereas agile modelling is collection of the values and the
practices of the software modelling which can he applied in a software development project in a
most effective manner. I would like take this paper as medium and discuss the goals and the scope
for the Agile modeling. The main concentrations is about the two approaches of software
development i.e Agile Model driven development (AMDD) and the Test–Driven Development
(TDD). And also the steps of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This better communication leads for the good understanding in the modeling phase about the
requirements of the customers. So, this will helps to meet the needs of the stakeholders. And having
the feedback on the work is very important. And also humility by letting others also to add the value
to the project efforts.
Principles:
Modeling should be simple.
Should be quick in changes because requirements of the customers will change over time.
Changes should be made for enable agility.
As mention above feedback should be taken on the work to meet the needs of the stakeholders.
Start the model with a purpose and take and refer multiple models for the effective development.
Representation is very important than content.
Modeler should have knowledge about the tools.
Focus is need for the better quality of work.
Practices:

Several Models should be created parallel.
Right artifacts.
Small increments should be used in a model.
Goals of Agile Modeling:
To define the model and put that model into practice, collections of the values, principles and
practices and agile modeling should be light weight.
To use the agile approach on applying the modeling techniques on the projects which are eXtreme
programming (XP), DSDM or SCRUM.
And to address an issue on how the model effectively made on a unified process (UP) project, and
also includes the rational unified process and the enterprise unified process

Business Modeling
Prepared by: Date: June 6,2014 Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of
Business & Entrepreneurship Assignment for Course: QNT5040 Submitted to: Dr. Yurova
Submitted by: Date of Submission: June 6, 2014 Title of Assignment: Auto Parts Sales Forecast
CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any
assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also
cited any sources from which I used data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I
also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student's Signature:
_______ ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data that will be used for this research has been collected from the quarterly sales from the
previous four years. Ted wants to determine what is most accurate way to determine the forecast for
2008. The model should also help determined if the economic situation and oil prices are affecting
significantly the sales of the company. The two models that were provided were thoroughly
analyzed to determine which model was the most appropriate to utilize. These models were a
regression model with factors, seasons and an additive Holt–Winters model. The forecasts also show
that there is a significant change in the sales with the economic hardship and oil prices. It was
concluded that the Regression with Econometric Variables would be the best method to use to
forecast the sales for 2008, estimating a 255,927,955 for that year. Background With the economy
continuously deteriorating everyone seems to be getting hurt financially, even the automotive
industry, which has deepening the economic recession. Automotive part suppliers continued to
experience heavy debt and overcapacity caused by production cuts by automakers, specifically
including the big 3 (Ford Motor Company, General Motors and Chrysler). The suppliers are also
being pressed by higher energy and input materials' costs. It has been determined by Industry analyst
that automotive

Class Diagram From The Unified Modeling Language ( Uml )
Class diagram. A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static
structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system 's classes, their
attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects. It is used both for
generalconceptual modelling of the systematics of the application, and for detailed modeling
translating the models into programming code. For data modeling class diagrams can also be
used.The classes in a class diagram represent both the main elements, interactions in the application,
and the classes to be programmed. Sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams are used to show the
objects behavior in a use case by describing the objects and the messages which are passed. This
diagram would provide a graphical representation of object interactions. These diagrams depicts
how an actor, objects and components interact . Sequence diagrams show the flow of messages from
one object to another, and as also correspond to the methods and events that are supported by an
object. ER–diagrams. An entity–relationship model specifies the inter–related things of interest in a
distinct domain. An ER model is combination of entity types (which categorize the things) and
specifies relationships that exist between epitome of those entity types. ER model is more
commonly formed to represent things that a business needs to remember for performing business
processes. Consequently, the ER model becomes an abstract data

How Uml Is Used A Standard For Modeling
How UML Is Used
Student ID: 700623304
Name: Nitin Kumar Reddy, Chinthaparthi Muduganti
Summary:–
The "Unified Modeling Language", in the area of software engineering is referred to a standard
notation of modeling language". For Object oriented development, UML is approved as a standard
for modeling. According to software engineering, "Unified Modeling Language" is a language but
not a methodology. UML is a graphical language which includes a set of charts and diagrams for
depicting programming frameworks. The key aim of UML is to design and document the software
or the system. The UML has evolved in the mid of 1990's with the combination of thee competitive
approaches of Object Oriented methodologies, which were formulated by Grady Booch, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UML consists of several diagrams which are used in developing the project or software. Among
those 6 diagrams are used frequently to develop the software. Use case diagram is the representation
of the interaction between the customer or the user with the system or product. Class diagram shows
the architecture of the software by determining the classes used in the system. Activity diagrams are
the pictorial notation of the steps which are followed in developing the system. Collaboration
diagram shows the interaction between the objects and classes of the system. Sequence diagram
defines the steps involved in the project and in which order they should occur. State chart diagrams
are typically used to define the properties of the software. Object diagram is alike to the class
diagram, which concentrates on the attributes and classes of the product. Component diagram shows
how small chunks of components are combined unitedly to form a bigger component of the product.
Deployment diagram depicts how the system should deploy and where the deployment should be
done.
But the three diagrams "Object, Component and Deployment" diagrams are not included in the
research conducted by the OMG group, as they are not used frequently and to keep the research at a
lower level. The Group OMG corresponded to support the research and informed every member of
the project. People who have reached the group in person got encouragement to contribute the link
with different users

UML
I. Table of contents II. TABLE OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE III III. TABLE OF
ABBREVIATIONS IV IV. TABLE OF FIGURES V 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GENERAL VIEW
OF UML 2 2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF UML 2 2.2 DEFINITION UML 3 2.3 OVERVIEW OF
DIAGRAM TYPES 4 3. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 3.1 FIELDS OF APPLICATION OF THE
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 3.2 NOTATION ELEMENTS OF THE ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 6 4.
EXAMPLE OF USE IN LOGISTICAL PRACTICE 11 4.1 HOW TO USE AN ACTIVITY
DIAGRAM 11 4.2 HOW TO MODIFY AN ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 13 4.2.1 Step 1 – describe the
process 13 4.2.2 Step 2 – identify the elements 14 4.2.3 Step 3 – visualize the process 15 5.
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF UML 16 5.1 NOTATION ELEMENTS 17 5.2 STRUCTURAL FORM
17 5.3 IMPLEMENTATION 18 6. CONCLUSION 19 V. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The paper concludes with a critical appraisal in connection with a comparison to other process
documentation methods in chapter 5 and a terminal conclusion in chapter 6. 2. General view of
UML In the following, a general overview of UML as a unified language will be given. It is
important to provide a basis for a better understanding of how UML works in logistical processes.
Therefore a short outline of the history and the development of UML will be presented with a
subsequent explanation of what UML is and what types of diagrams exist. 2.1 Development of UML
The origin of UML is software development. But in the 90's, a large number of different approaches,
several books on object–oriented software modeling and a lot of graphical notations existed. The
most prominent representatives of object–oriented notations are Booch from Grady Booch,
Objectory from Ivar Jacobson and Object Modeling Technique (OMT) from James Rumbaugh. The
initiators of UML gradually recognized the significance of a unified method for software
engineering. In 1995 Grady Booch and Jim Rumbaugh combined their both methods Booch and
OMT and announced Unified Method 0.8 (UM 0.8) at the conference OOPSLA in Austin, Texas.
But this method lacked on the integration of the customer and the user of the system. Soon Ivar
Jacobson who brought the focus to the Use Case Diagram joined Booch and Rumbaugh. Together
they reduced the range of UM 0.8 to a pure language and so developed the

Application Of Unified Modeling Language
ASSIGNMENT–3 Summary some developers like Jacobson et al, Rumbaugh et al, Booch
developed competing object oriented software engineering methods. Unified modeling language
(UML) is developed in mid 1990s by combining such previously developed software engineering
methods. Object management group(OMG) took control of UML formal evolution in to its hand. It
is largely used as it is considered as a modeling standard for object oriented software development.
Some books, articles and contributions are done by the researchers for defining various aspects of
the software and guidelines on how to use this language. It is important to remember that UML is a
language not a methodology, so that we cannot have consistent guidelines. They even did a
examination on unified modeling language because of its widely acceptance. They even got little
evidence on the level and nature of unified modeling language use. There study included seven
unified modeling language components which are used in system analysis and design. Which
addressed three key questions they are firstly, to what extent and purposes can unified modeling
language analysis components can be used. secondly, does the complexity of the language is due to
the differences in the levels of component use and do such differences exist or not?.thirdly, do UML
is successful in establishing proper communication between the software

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