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ZipHouse Newark | ComLoc, Corp.
1. A Readaptive Use of Shipping Containers
for Modular Housing
Presented to: City of Newark Central Planning
Department of Economic & Housing Development
Presented by: Henry Rock, Principal | ComLoc, Corp.
Date: Wednesday, March 01, 2006
2. Concept
ComLoc, Corp., a real estate venture firm working in collaboration
with the architectural & design firm LOT-EK, proposes building single
family homes using ISO intermodal shipping containers.
ComLoc intends to introduce this housing on an infill basis in urban
areas under the brand name ZipHouse™; targeting young urban
professionals and persons in need of LiveWork space. These homes
will employ cutting edge design and “Green” or eco-friendly building
techniques and materials.
The following proposal lays out the case for the use of this technology,
how the system will be deployed and its rationale.
3. Goals
The goals of this project are threefold:
Provide affordable yet quality housing (an ever-increasing
requirement in urban America).
Use cutting-edge technologies and design.
Recycle discarded shipping containers, which are ubiquitous
throughout the country’s port cities.
Aid in meeting some of urban municipalities more
challenging land use issues
4.
5.
6.
7. Objectives
Demonstrate the technology’s Quick product delivery to bring
viability units on-line sooner
Implement functional Unit adaptability & versatility
contemporary design
Use advanced modular Use eco-friendly building
construction techniques techniques &materials
Low product delivery costs to Sustainable development,
drive housing affordability mitigating potential economic &
environmental impacts
8. Background
Technology: The ISO Shipping Container Industry
ISO shipping containers, also referred to as intermodal containers, are used to
transport freight. These containers are designed for transportation by multiple
modes: such as ship and rail, or rail and truck. These freight containers conform to
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) container manufacturing
standards.
Dry ISO containers are general purpose, totally enclosed, rectangular steel
framework box type containers, with 14 gauge steel walls and treated wood
flooring, are used for general purpose transportation. Standard heights for dry
containers are 8 feet 6 inches. Dry containers are also manufactured with
extended heights of 9 feet 6 inches, and are referred to as high cube containers.
9. The ISO Shipping Container Industry
It is estimated that the global container population is approaching 16m
TEU, with a projected rate of growth of 8.5% per year for the next 10
years, and there are approximately 2.5+m TEU empty boxes currently
sitting idle in yards and depots around the world.
ISO containers are manufactured in standard sizes with the reference size a
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU). A container of 1 TEU measures 20 feet in
length. The length the most common container is the 40 footer, which carries on
average about 22 tons of cargo.
Each year, about 1.5 million TEU worth of containers are manufactured. The
global inventory of containers was estimated to be around 15.9 million TEU by
2002, of which 15.1 million were maritime containers. A standard 20 footer
container costs about $2,000 and a 40 footer about $4,000.
10. The ISO Shipping Container Industry
According to a New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection study of
Brownfields, “Container mountains” have become a prominent feature of the
port district skyline. These are the stacks of hundreds of empty containers, up
to seven high, which have been created on large swaths of land near the port.
This study estimates that 400 acres are now devoted to long-term storage of
containers.
Due to the imbalance of trade associated with China, in particular, the
largest manufacturer of ISO containers, a significant number of containers do
not make the return leg to China, thus end up being stacked within our port
cities.
While the average useful life of a container for shipping purposes is
approximately 13 years, a significant number of old, broken, and obsolete
containers are scrapped at the end of their useful life, about 300,000 to
500,000 containers experience an afterlife. A portion of these containers are
converted into storage space, offices and homes.
11. Technology: Containers as housing
There are several architect/designers, throughout the world, including LOT-EK,
have innovated the use of this technology for housing.
The containers, made of steel or aluminum, are designed to support extreme
loads. They may be assembled in a variety of configurations, like building
blocks, meeting specific site or community requirements.
They can provide secure space, support second floors and roofs, bridge
uneven grades and generally establish the structural foundations for a
successful building at costs well below conventional construction. They also
allow for the use of unskilled or semi-skilled labor for build-out.
Heretofore, most container habitat development activity has been as one-off
prefab/modular projects for individual architectural clients.
12. Why Use Shipping Containers as Housing vs.
Traditional Construction Technologies?
A need for innovation in building materials and methods
A Material Perspective – Containers offer several specific benefits:
availability [container units are ubiquitous]
economy [retired container units can be had for little or nothing]
malleability [can be modified in ways only limited by creativity]
durability [container units are virtually indestructible, and a far more
durable than standard building materials]
portability [can be moved, carted and easily stored until needed]
modularity/stackable [can configured in any number of ways]
reusable [container units are imminently recyclable]
transformable [2-3 units is all it takes to create a very suitable home]
13. Why Shipping Containers?
A Construction Perspective –
Low Structural Cost - High Strength: Shipping containers offer tremendous
structural strength for a fraction of the cost of traditional timber steel and
concrete constructions. Because all the strength is contained in the structural
elements themselves, foundation design is simpler and less expensive.
Small Footprint - Large Living Area: This construction technique is ideal for
single, as well as, multifamily dwellings, offering a large usable area in a
small footprint.
14. Why Shipping Containers?
Short Construction Time: ZipHouse™ can be delivered, from order to
finished product, within approximately 90 days [the requested finishing and
availability of components and materials will adjust the range].
Refrabrication: Once the containers are in place, they provide the
foundation and framework for the bulk of the construction. The rest of the
work can be tailored to make best use of local methods and procedures –
whether all prefabricated and just assembled in the field, or built
conventionally on site. Because the ZipHouse™ is a loose modular system, no
effort is wasted in trying to make pieces fit together in the field that work
better in a controlled environment of the factory.
15. Project overview
• PHASE I: Construct a prototype/model of ZipHouse™ based on the LOT-EK
Container Home Kit (CHK) design, in an area of the city designated suitable
for 6-8 homes. This model will make use of a total of eight 40’ containers –
stacked 4 over 4, with a cut-away for an atrium, yielding approximately
2000 sq.ft.
• PHASE II: Construct a series of eight to ten, detached single-family
ZipHouse™ homes using anywhere from two to eight containers each, within a
6 month window.
16. Target
We have identified two primary residential user targets:
Live/work space for dual use applications: The growth of live/work dual-
use properties in some countries, like the UK for example, has closely followed
the growth in home working. Typically live/work accommodations are for
those who need more than a room in a house in order to work from home. This
can either be because of the nature of the business (e.g. textile design,
photography, web design), or because the business proprietor uses
staff/associates and finds a normal home inappropriate for this use.
17. Live/work space
• In urban areas, live/work users are predominantly single people.
• Anecdotal evidence suggests that those needing larger premises for family
reasons usually move on, rather than stop using the unit for work.
• There are also many examples of live/workers wanting to use their unit for
work only, finding a home to live in elsewhere, once their business is better
established.
• In urban settings, live/work is usually a transitional arrangement.
• The best schemes retain live/work functions for future owners/tenants once the
first group has moved on.
18. Live/work space
Generally, city planners appear to support the concept of live/work, because it
is in line with the idea of transport reduction and because it offers a way of
regenerating run down commercial or industrial areas, while providing or
retaining economic activity rather than creating purely residential areas. The
residential element anchors a service economy while business use supports/grows
the local economy. In many cases a distinctive sense of community also results.
19. Live/work space
An current example is in Jersey City – the Warehouse Historic District (now known
as WALDO) consists of eight blocks located between the City’s booming
Waterfront Financial District and the Historic Downtown residential district.
In 1996, the Planning Board and the City Council passed a Warehouse District
ordinance that stated in part:
To establish an artists’ settlement in the warehouse district in Downtown, where artists may
work and live in the same space, and where the arts can flourish and serve to unite the new
neighborhoods of the waterfront with the established, historic neighborhoods surrounding the
WALDO district. This district will also serve to provide a cultural center for the City of Jersey
City, and will contain a mix of uses to provide a lively street presence of shops, art galleries,
performance space and restaurants.
20. Target
Young urban professionals: Newark, is transitioning through the decline
stage of the neighborhood life cycle, being experienced by most American
cities and is entering the revitalization stage, which is marked by the attraction
of new, young and upwardly mobile professionals back to the urban core.
21. Location
This technology can easily be adapted to industrial areas of the city. To that
end, ComLoc has identified several possible neighborhoods within the City of
Newark’s redevelopment plan, for the location of the proposed development
project:
• South Broad Street
Stagnant industrial areas in
• North Broadway
need of development
• Lower Roseville
• Riverfront East Urban Professional area
• Lincoln Park Arts Corridor
Live/Work areas
• University Heights Science Park
22. Design
LOT-EK has innovated trendy & economical designs, that are good executions
of exploiting the beauty of basic, commoditized, industrial materials.
Economies are found in the recycling of the structural material, non-conventional
construction, by not adding exterior facings, and limiting the range of options.
The design used for the ZipHouse™ is the Container Home Kit (CHK), where
consumer has the benefit of affordability and great design without sacrificing
quality.
23. ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit (CHK) Design
The ZipHouse™ uses the Container Home Kit (CHK) design which combines
multiple shipping containers to build unique homes. Conceived as a kit of parts,
the basic unit, a 40-foot-long shipping container, is transformed into an
expandable module. Sections of its corrugated metal walls can be cut out
without compromising its structural integrity. The resulting openings can be used
to join containers side by side to make up larger spaces, or for vertical
connections.
The ZipHouse™ will be available in two lines: Compact and Loft, in
configurations that range from 2 to 4 bedrooms using 4 to 8 containers. The
houses are positioned on site on 2 parallel strips of concrete that can also be
used for pedestrian, as well as, car access through the lot.
24. ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit Design
A modular construction/building system, like that used for the ZipHouse™ can
result in customer prices starting at approximately $90/sqft.* Further, customers
can set the price/cost of these homes depending on materials, appointments,
fixtures and finishes. * not including land acquisition costs
25. ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit (CHK) Design: Compact
ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit (CHK) Design
26. ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit (CHK) Design: Loft
ZipHouse™ - Container Home Kit (CHK) Design
27. Process
The process for the construction of the ZipHouse™ prototype/model will
employ some of the advantages of pre-fabrication and modular building
versus the standards of on-site building.
With the use of pre-fabricated containers as both structure and shell, we
eliminate the need for framing and the installation of exterior walls. With
the manipulation of these boxes, as building blocks, we’re able to come up
with an array of configurations.
Once the pre-fabricated (retrofitting/reinforcing) boxes arrive at the
location, the process of assembly, connections/installation, and finishing can
be done on-site.
Our suggestion, especially for Phase II, is that a pre-fabrication operation,
as well as the other associated on-site operations make use of locally
trained and employed labor. We believe that this will have a decided
impact on the community’s acceptance of this product and technology.
28. Process
It’s ComLoc’s intention to employ leading-edge green building practices, as
implemented in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Green Building Rating System in it’s design and construction of the
ZipHouse™.
Further, ComLoc will look to use technologies that will allow for the
ZipHouse™ to make use of self-contained energy sourcing, including PV and
passive solar panels and coatings, as well as, vertical axis wind turbines.
30. Process
Fast-track
Design & Box Logistics &
Site Prep
Conceptual Plan Fabrication Transportation
20 days 45 days
30 days
Assembly & System Finishing & Inspection
Installation Connections Sealing & Evaluation
7 days 7 days 7-10 days 2 days
30 days (eval)
31. How Can Newark Help?
Identify specific sites w/in target districts. Provide city-owned site(s) for
demonstration.
Create encouraging regulatory framework & guidelines.
Facilitate the process by providing priority processing of approvals &
permits.
Facilitate the dissemination of information.
Aid in identifying environmental impact and mitigation measures.
Assistance in land acquisition and assembly [Phase II].
32. Capacity
Why the team of ComLoc and LOT-Ek?
1. Over 20 years of experience in business management, project
management, marketing management and securing corporate sponsorships
and underwriting.
2. Extensive architectural design and engineering experience.
3. Leader in container building design innovation for over 13 years.
4. Dedication and commitment to affordable housing and sustainable
development.
33. Collaborations
In addition to our work with the City of Newark, we will look to create
collaborations with the following :
New Jersey Institute of Technology’s – Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering & School of Architecture
New Jersey’s Department of Consumer Affairs – Office of Smart
Growth
Rutgers – Newark
New Jersey Chapter of the U.S. Green Building Council
The Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH)
34. Rationale
Address city’s need to continue to develop as a dynamic urban center,
as well as, improve neighborhoods through sustainable and eco-friendly
development
Need for quality, affordable live/work housing
Need to lure young professionals back to urban core with unique &
trendy design executions
Need to address the stockpiling of excess shipping containers
Implement current advancements in product design, materiel, and
building/construction techniques, adjusting the impact of cost, quality and
sustainability.
Newark can be a magnet for planners, developers, architects and
engineers from throughout the world evaluating the viability of this
technology.
35. Next Steps
City Planning concept approvals
Site acquisition
Project refinements
Develop budget & schedule
Explore financing options
Establish collaborations