4. RAYNAUD’S DISEASE??
• Raynaud's is a rare disorder that affects the
arteries.
• Raynaud's is also called a disease, syndrome,
or phenomenon.
• Vasospasm, which is a narrowing of the blood
vessels.
• Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow
to the fingers and toes.
• Also may occur at the tip of ears and nose.
7. CLASSIFICATION
• Primary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s disease the
causes is not known.(idiopathic)
• Secondary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s
phenomenon where the causes are known.
8. ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S
• Cold temperature
• Stress
• Blood vessels in spasm
9. ETIOLOGY OF SECONDARY RAYNAUD’S
Scleroderma
Lupus.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjogren's syndrome
Diseases of the arteries.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
10. Repetitive actions
Hand and foot injuries
Exposure to certain chemicals
Medicines
Smoking
12. • SECONDARY RAYNAUDS’S
Age
Certain disease and condition
Work place
Injury of hand and leg
Repetitive action
Living climate
Smoking
Medicines
13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Expose to cold /
triggering factor
Small arteries at
fingers and toes
vasospasm
Become pale, less
blood flow and
low O2 supply
Warm up
(arteries dilate)
Blood flow
increase, high O2
supply
Color change to
bright red
Affected area is
warm and
throbbing pain
14. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
During the Raynaud’s attack, arteries become
narrow and no blood supply to the area, this
will cause :
Turn pale or white and then blue.
Feel numb, cold, or painful.
Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb
as blood flows back to the affected area.
15. INVESTIGATION
Cold Stimulation Test
Nail fold Capillaroscopy
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or "sed
rate")
C-reactive protein (CRP) tests
17. 1. Patients with severe RP prone to ulceration
or large artery thrombotic events may be
prescribed Aspirin.
2. Prostaglandin Iloprost is used to manage
critical ischemia and Pulmonary
Hypertension in RP.
22. NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective peripheral
tissue perfusion related to lack of blood supply
to extremities.
GOAL: Increased arterial blood supply to
extremities.
23.
24. NURSING CARE PLAN 2
NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Anxiety related to
disease process.
GOAL : To reduce the anxiety level of patient
25. Asses the patient’s anxiety level by
observing clients behavior e.g crying facial
expression and anxious.
For further investigation
Reinforce doctor’s explainations to
patient by using the non medical term
To increase the understanding of patient
about the disease.
Provide moral and emotional support to
patient
To provide patient psychological comfort
Encourage diversional theraphy e.g
watching tv, listening songs
To deviate client’s mind away from the
disease and to avoid patient get mentally
stress
26. NURSING CARE PLAN 3
NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Deficient knowledge
regarding self-care activities.
GOAL : The patient will able to carry out daily
activity by understanding the health education
given by nurse based on the disease.
27. NURSING
INTERVENTION
RATIONALE
Assess client knowledge level For the nurses to give adequate health
education to the client
Encourage patient to perform extremities
exercises.
To promote the blood flow to the affected
area
Advise patient to place the fingers or toe
under the warm water during the attack.
The warm water will vasodilate and
encourage the blood flow.
Advise patient to stop smoking Reducing the risk factor may reduce
symptoms or slow the disease progression
Advise patient not to wear tight wrist band
or watch and clothings
Constrictive clothing and accessories
impede circulation.