Connective tissue
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This document discusses connective tissues (CT), including their definition, characteristics, components, cells, fibers, ground substance, classification, and examples. It aims to describe CT characteristics and components, classify different CT types, and correlate CT type with function. Key points include: - CT connect and bind other tissues, with a predominantly extracellular matrix containing widely spaced cells, few blood vessels, and classification based on matrix, cells, and fibers. - Components include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, pigment cells, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers suspended in a ground substance of proteoglycans. - CT are classified based on cell and fiber types as well as ground
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Connective tissue
- 2. At the end of this class you should be able to… • Describe characteristics & components of CT • Classify CT • Correlate CT type with their function
- 3. DEFINITION “Connective tissues (CT) are a group of tissues which connects or binds other tissues in the body”
- 4. CHARACTERISTICS • Predominantly intercellular material (matrix) • Cells widely spaced • Development – mesoderm, neural crest (head region) • Blood vessels – few supply • Classification – based on matrix, cells, fibres
- 5. Components Cells Matrix Ground substance FIBERS COMPOSITION: CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- 6. Composition
- 7. Components Cells Fixed Fibroblasts Adipocytes Persistent mesenchymal cells Wandering Macrophage Mast cells Plasma cells Pigment cells Eosinophil Neutrophil Matrix Ground substance Proteoglycans GAG /MPS SO4 Non SO4 Fibers Collagen Elastic Reticular CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- 8. CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- 9. Cell Fibroblast Adipocyte Macrophage Features Secrete matrix, numerous Lipocytes / fat cells Histiocytes, nomadic Shape Spindle / fusiform with irregular surface Oval, round or polygonal Irregular with filopodia Size Avg 50 um 15-20 um Nucleus Large, central , open faced At one side Small indented, kidney shaped Cytoplasm Markedly basophilic (rER) Peripheral ring of cytoplasm, fat globules, signet ring appearance Cytogranuales & vacuoles, stains deeply Function Secrete EC matrix Formation & storage of fat Phagocytic Site Abundant during healing in all CT Many together forms giant cells Special stain Frozen section, Sudan III-> red, Osmic acid -> black, Sudan black -> black
- 10. Cell Mast cell Plasma cell Pigment cell Features Formed by B lymphocytes Chromatophores Shape Round or oval Round or oval irregular Size 12 um Upto 15 um Nucleus Central, small Spherical & eccentric; cartwheel appearance, clock face Cytoplasm Cyto-granuales, basophilic Basophilic, rich in rER Function Secrete histamine, heparin Store Ab in cyto-granuales; russel’s bodies Contain pigment - melanin Site Inflammation, allergy, hypersensitivity skin Special stain For granules: toluidine blue, Methylene blue, alcian blue
- 11. FIBRES • COLLAGEN • ELASTIC • RETICULAR
- 12. Collagen
- 13. Types of collagen • I – fibrous supporting tissue, dermis, tendon, ligament, bone • II – Hyaline cartilage, fine fibrils • III – reticular • IV- Mesh like, basement membrane • VII – anchoring fibrils of BM
- 15. Elastic fibers
- 16. Reticular fibers
- 17. Collagen Elastic Reticular Color Pearly white Yellow - No Largest Next > In emb CT Stain & appearance Dull pink with eosin Bright, highly refractive Not stained by H & E Protein Collagen Elastin Reticulin thickness 1-12 um 0.1-0.2 um thinnest Features Wavy, do not branch, run in bundles < wavy, branch, run singly Straight, branch & anastomose-reticulum Special stain Van gieso: red; AgNO3: brown; Masson’s trichome: blue Orcein: Black AgNO3: Black Sites To provide strength; tendon, ligament etc. To provide elasticity; lig nuche, vocal cords, lungs, aorta To provide support; spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidney, BM
- 18. GROUND SUBS • Amorphous, transparent, semi-fluid gel • Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid (GAG), water • Proteoglycans: chondroitin SO4, chondroitin 6 SO4, dermatan SO4, heparan SO4, heparin SO4, keratan SO4
- 19. Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar N-acetyl glucosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine Hyaluronic acid • Predominant • No SO4 side chain • Not linked with protein GAG / MPS
- 20. N-acetyl glucosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine Other GAGs • SO4 side chain • linked with protein • Proteoglycans Protein SO4 Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar
- 22. CLASSFICATION OF C. T. • Types of cells • Types of fibres • Amount of ground subs • Location
- 24. AREOLAR TISSUE
- 25. AREOLAR TISSUE
- 26. ADIPOSE TISSUE
- 27. ADIPOSE TISSUE
- 29. TENDON L.S.
- 30. TENDON L.S.
- 31. TENDON L. S.
- 32. TENDON T.S.
- 33. TENDON T. S.
- 34. LIG NUCHAE L.S.
- 35. LIG NUCHAE L.S.
- 36. LIG NUCHAE T.S.
- 37. LIG NUCHAE T.S.
- 38. FETAL C T
- 39. FETAL C T
- 40. DENSE IRREGULAR C T & ADIPOSE Ts