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1.
Chapter 1 Introduction
to Entrepreneurship Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland 1-1
2.
Chapter Objectives
1 of 2 1. Explain entrepreneurship and discuss its importance. 2. Describe corporate entrepreneurship and its use in established firms. 3. Discuss three main reasons people decide to become entrepreneurs. 4. Identify four main characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. 5. Explain five common myths regarding entrepreneurship. ©2010 Prentice Hall 2-2
3.
Chapter Objectives
2 of 2 6. Explain how entrepreneurial firms differ from salary-substitute and lifestyle firms. 7. Discuss the changing demographics of entrepreneurs in the United States. 8. Discuss the impact of entrepreneurial firms on economies and societies. 9. Identify ways in which large firms benefit from the presence of smaller entrepreneurial firms. 10. Explain the entrepreneurial process. ©2010 Prentice Hall 2-3
4.
Introduction to Entrepreneurship
There is tremendous According to the 2007 GEM interest in study, 9.6% of Americans are actively engaged in entrepreneurship in the starting a business or are U.S. and around the world. the owner/manager of a business that is less than three years old. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-4
5.
Entrepreneurial Revolution “We are
in the midst of a silent revolution – a triump of the creative and entrepreneurial spirit of humankind throughout the world. I believe its impact on the 21st century will equal or exceed that of the Industrial Revolution on the 19th and 20th.” Jeffry A. Timmons The Entrepreneurial Mind, 1989 ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-5
6.
Entrepreneurial Revolution • >
7 Million American Millionaires are ‘self-made entrepreneur’. • The poor become rich due to entrepreneurial process. • Building entrepreneurial community is the priority of the new E-Generation. • Secret weapon of the American economy ! ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-6
7.
Mega Entrepreneurs/Founders •
Arthur M. Blank – The Home Depot, Inc. • Ely R. Callaway – Callaway Golf • Richard Branson – Virgin Group of Comp. • Paul Fireman – Reebok • Anita Roddick – The Body Shop • Frederik W. Smith – Federal Express • Phil Knight – Nike • Akio Morita - Sony • Liz Claiborne – ? • Walt Disney - ? ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-7
8.
Mega Entrepreneurs/Founders •
Jeff Bezos – Amazon.Com • Sergey Brin & Larry Page- Google • Kenneth H. Olsen – Digital Equipment Corp • Bill Gates & Paul Allen - Microsoft • Larry Ellison - Oracle • Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak - Apple Computer • Mitch Kapor - Lotus Dev Corp • Michael Dell - Dell Computer • Marc Andressen – Netscape • Mark Zuckerberg - Facebook • Heinz Nixdorf – Nixdorf Computer AG ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-8
9.
Entrepreneurial Impact –
Old & New Companies Sales Workers Capital (2000) (2000) (2001) $Billion Thousands $Bilion • General Motors 185 386 34 • Ford 163 365 45 • Crysler 151 464 43 Total 499 1215 122 • Intel 29 67 179 • Microsoft 22 31 362 • Cisco 15 21 121 Total 66 119 662 ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-9
10.
Indications of Increased
Interest in Entrepreneurship • Books & Magazines – Amazon.com lists over 45,000 books dealing with entrepreneurship and 118,000 focused on small business. • College Courses – In 1985, there were about 250 entrepreneurship courses offered across all colleges in the United States. – Today, more than 5,000 entrepreneurship courses are offered in two- year and four-year colleges and universities in the United States. • National Commision on Entrepreneurship • Ernst & Young Award & PECIPTA & Enterprise 50 • 3.5 Million of100 Million Americans are Millionaires ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-10
11.
What is Entrepreneurship? The
word “entrepreneur” derives from the French words entre, meaning between,” and prendre, meaning “to take.” The word was originally used to describe people who “take on the risk” between buyers and sellers or who “undertake” a task such as starting a new venture. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-11
12.
What is Entrepreneurship? •
Academic Definition (Stevenson & Jarillo) – Entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without regard to resources they currently control. • Venture Capitalist (Fred Wilson) – Entrepreneurship is the art of turning an idea into a business. • Explanation of What Entrepreneurs Do – Entrepreneurs assemble and then integrate all the resources needed –the money, the people, the business model, the strategy—needed to transform an invention or an idea into a viable business. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-12
13.
Corporate Entrepreneurship
1 of 2 • Corporate Entrepreneurship – Is the conceptualization of entrepreneurship at the firm level. – All firms fall along a conceptual continuum that ranges from highly conservative to highly entrepreneurial. – The position of a firm on this continuum is referred to as its entrepreneurial intensity. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-13
14.
Corporate Entrepreneurship
2 of 2 Entrepreneurial Firms Conservative Firms • Proactive • Take a more “wait and see” • Innovative posture • Risk taking • Less innovative • Risk adverse ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-14
15.
Why Become an
Entrepreneur? The three primary reasons that people become entrepreneurs and start their own firms Desire to be their own boss Desire to pursue their own ideas Financial rewards ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-15
16.
Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs 1 of 3 Four Primary Characteristics ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-16
17.
Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs • Passion for the Business – The number one characteristic shared by successful entrepreneurs is a passion for the business. – This passion typically stems from the entrepreneur’s belief that the business will positively influence people’s lives. “The most important thing about starting a business is to be passionate about what you do. I think it is very difficult to enter a business you don’t understand and have passion for” - Oleg Tschltzoff, Fotolia, NY. “The key is to have passion and never give up. This is imperative because it creates a drive to solve business problems” - Peter Flint, Trulia.Com “Do what you’ve passionate about. In the startup world, if you’re bored, you might as well be dead” - Chris Shaw, ProtechMy Photos ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-17
18.
Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs • Product/Customer Focus – A second defining characteristic of successful entrepreneurs is a product/customer focus. – An entrepreneur’s keen focus on products and customers typically stems from the fact that most entrepreneurs are, at heart, craftspeople. “The computer is the most remarkable tool we’ve ever built ….. but the most important thing is to get them in the hands as many people as possible.” - Steven Jobs good products with the capability to satisfy customers. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-18
19.
Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs • Tenacity/Determined Despite Failure – Because entrepreneurs are typically trying something new, the failure rate is naturally high. – The litmus test for entrepreneurs is their ability to persevere through setbacks and failures. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-19
20.
Characteristics of Successful
Entrepreneurs • Execution Intelligence – The ability to fashion a solid business idea into a viable business is a key characteristic of successful entrepreneurs. – In many cases, Execution Intelligence is the factor that det. whether a start-up is successful or fails. – The ability to exec a business idea means developing a business model, putting tog’ a new venture team, raising money, establishing partnerships, managing finances, leading & motivating employees etc…. “To open a business is very easy, to keep it open is very difficult.” - Chinese saying “Ideas are easy. It’s execution that ‘s hard.” - Jeff Bezos, Amazon.com ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-20
21.
Common Myths About
Entrepreneurs 1 of 5 • Myth 1: Entrepreneurs Are Born Not Made – This myth is based on the mistaken belief that some people are genetically predisposed to be entrepreneurs. – The consensus of many studies is that no one is “born” to be an entrepreneur; everyone has the potential to become one. – Whether someone does or doesn’t become an entrepreneur, is a function of the environment, life experiences, and personal choices. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-21
22.
Common Myths About
Entrepreneurs 2 of 5 Although no one is “born” to be an entrepreneur, there are common traits and characteristics of successful entrepreneurs • Achievement motivated • Optimistic disposition • Alert to opportunities • Persuasive • Creative • Promoter • Decisive • Resource assembler/leverager • Energetic • Self-confident • Has a strong work ethic • Self-starter • Is a moderate risk taker • Tenacious • Is a networker • Tolerant of ambiguity • Lengthy attention span • Visionary ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-22
23.
Common Myths About
Entrepreneurs 3 of 5 • Myth 2: Entrepreneurs Are Gamblers – Most entrepreneurs are moderate risk takers. – The idea that entrepreneurs are gamblers originates from two sources: • Entrepreneurs typically have jobs that are less structured, and so they face a more uncertain set of possibilities than people in traditional jobs. • Many entrepreneurs have a strong need to achieve and set challenging goals, a behavior that is often equated with risk taking. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-23
24.
Common Myths About
Entrepreneurs 4 of 5 • Myth 3: Entrepreneurs Are Motivated Primarily by Money. – While it is naïve to think that entrepreneurs don’t seek financial rewards, money is rarely the reason entrepreneurs start new firms. – In fact, some entrepreneurs warn that the pursuit of money can be distracting. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-24
25.
Common Myths About
Entrepreneurs 5 of 5 • Myth 4: Entrepreneurs Should Be Young and Energetic. – The most active age for business ownership is 35 to 45 years old. – While it is important to be energetic, investors often cite the strength of the entrepreneur as their most important criteria in making investment decisions. • What makes an entrepreneur “strong” in the eyes of an investor is experience, maturity, a solid reputation, and a track record of success. • These criteria favor older rather than younger entrepreneurs. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-25
26.
Types of Start-Up
Firms ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-26
27.
Changing Demographics of
Entrepreneurs 1 of 3 Women Entrepreneurs • There were 6.2 million women- owned businesses in 2002 (the most recent statistics available) • This number was up 20% from 1997. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-27
28.
Changing Demographics of
Entrepreneurs 2 of 3 Minority Entrepreneurs Senior Entrepreneurs • Minorities owned roughly 18% • Although statistics are not kept of U.S. businesses in 2002. on senior entrepreneurs, there is • This number was up 10% from strong evidence that the number 1997. of older people choosing entrepreneurial careers is rapidly increasing. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-28
29.
Changing Demographics of
Entrepreneurs 3 of 3 Young Entrepreneurs • Interest among young people in entrepreneurial careers is growing. • According to a Gallop study, 7 out of 10 high school students want to start their own business. • Over 2,000 two-year and four-year colleges and universities offer entrepreneurship courses. ©2010 Prentice Hall 3-29
30.
Economic Impact of
Entrepreneurial Firms • Innovation – Is the process of creating something new, which is central to the entrepreneurial process. – Small firms are twice as innovative per employee as large firms. • Job Creation – In the past two decades, economic activity has moved in the direction of smaller entrepreneurial firms, which may be due to their unique ability to innovate and focus on specialized tasks. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-30
31.
Entrepreneurial Firms’ Impact
on Society and Larger Firms • Impact on Society – The innovations of entrepreneurial firms have a dramatic impact on society. – Think of all the new products and services that make our lives easier, enhance our productivity at work, improve our health, and entertain us in new ways. • Impact on Larger Firms – Many entrepreneurial firms have built their entire business models around producing products and services that help larger firms become more efficient and effective. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-31
32.
The Entrepreneurial Process The
Entrepreneurial Process Consists of Four Steps Step 1: Deciding to become an entrepreneur. Step 2: Developing successful business ideas. Step 3: Moving from an idea to an entrepreneurial firm. Step 4: Managing and growing the entrepreneurial firm. Step 5: Exiting the venture. ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-32
33.
Steps in the
Entrepreneurial Process 1 of 2 Step 1 Step 2 Developing Successful Business Ideas ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-33
34.
Steps in the
Entrepreneurial Process 2 of 2 Step 3 Step 4 ©2010 Prentice Hall 1-34
35.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall ©2010 Prentice Hall
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