1) The document discusses ancient Egyptian history, including their pantheon of gods and tradition of pyramid building for burials.
2) It provides details on 14 principal gods such as Ra, Osiris, Isis, and Horus. Gods were associated with nature, the afterlife, and kingship.
3) The tradition of pyramid building evolved from early mastaba tombs to include the Step Pyramid of Djoser and later true pyramids built by pharaohs such as Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure at Giza.
Más de Joe Boisvert Adjunct Professor of History, Gulf Coast State College Encore Program, Director of Compassionate Care, Amherst First Baptist Church, NH, Stephen Minister, Instructor Noah's Ark, Panama City, Florida
Más de Joe Boisvert Adjunct Professor of History, Gulf Coast State College Encore Program, Director of Compassionate Care, Amherst First Baptist Church, NH, Stephen Minister, Instructor Noah's Ark, Panama City, Florida (20)
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Ancient Egyptian History Class 4 Early Pyramids and Gods of Egypt
1. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY
CLASS – 4 – PANTHEON OF
GODS AND PYRAMID TRADITION
Joe Boisvert
Instructor Gulf Coast Community College –
Encore – Spring 2010
4. Egyptian Gods Partial List
Atum In the
creation myths,
Atum is the
primal creator
Ra is the eagle god of the sun.
Anubis god of the dead
Bastet is the Cat goddess.
Sehkmet goddess of fire, war
and plague
Nut is the goddess of sky and
stars, mother of gods.
Geb is the green god of Earth.
Horus is the god with falcon's
head, god of pharaohs.
Osiris is the god of the afterlife.
Isis is the goddess of magic and
healing, wife of Osiris.
5. Egyptian Gods Continued
Seth is the god of deserts and evil.
Thoth is the scribe god.
Ma'at is the goddess of truth.
Amun is the god ofThebes, king of gods in New
Kingdom.
Wadjet is the goddess of pregnancy and
motherhood, goddess in snake form.
Anuket is the goddess of river Nile.
Hathor is the goddess of the moon and children.
Ptah is the creator god
Bes is the dwarf god of safe journey
The Egyptians worshipped Scarab Beetles and
cats.
Ptah (Pteh, Peteh) was
the predynasticMennefer
(Hikuptah, Memphis) god
of craftsmen, pottery and
creation.The Egyptians
believed that he was a god
who created everything
from artifacts to the world
egg to the other deities
themselves.The Opening
of the Mouth ceremony
was believed to have been
devised by him. He was a
god of creation and rebirth.
6. Isis Symbols: throne, kite,
scorpion,
Myths: "Isis and Osiris",
"Isis and the Seven
Scorpions"
Cult Center: Heliopolis,
Isis was the sister
of Osiris (who was also
her husband), the
daughter
of Nut and Geb and the
mother of Horus the
Child.
7. Osiris
(Asar,Wesir, Ausar, Unnefer)
Symbols: crook and flail, djed, White
and Atef Crowns, bull, mummified form,
throne, Bennu (phoenix)
Cult Center: Abydos, Busiris
and Heliopolis
Myths: "Isis and Osiris"
A god of the earth and vegetation,
Osiris symbolized in his death the yearly
drought and in his miraculous rebirth
the periodic flooding of the Nile and the
growth of grain. He was a god-king who
was believed to have given Egypt
civilization.
Osiris
8. Seth
(Set, Suetekh)
Symbols: Seth-animal, pigs, donkeys, fishes
Cult Center: Tanis, Ombos
Links: the Ennead of Heliopolis
Regarded as the Lord of Lower
(Northern) Egypt,
Seth was represented by a big-eared
imaginary animal with
red hair resembling a donkey or
maybe an aardvark.
He was associated with the desert and
storms. The Greeks
associated Seth with their god,
Typhon.
9. Horus
(Hor, Heru, Her)
Symbols: hawk/falcon, bull,
Double Crown,Winged Disk,Udjat,
Sphinx, weapons, iron, blacksmiths
Cult Center: Edfu, Buto
and Heliopolis
Myths: Isis and Osiris
The falcon-headed god, the kings
of Egypt associated themselves
with Horus. Horus was among the
most important gods of Egypt,
particularly because the Pharaoh
was supposed to be his earthly
embodiment. Kings would
eventually take the name of Horus
as one of their own.
12. Mastabas First Burial Tombs
At first, the kings of Egypt were buried in what are known as
mastabas in southern Egypt, mainly at a place called Abydos.
Mastaba is an Arabic word meaning bench, because these
tombs looked like a bench.
They consisted of a pit where the dead were buried in the
ground covered by stones above ground.
Later mastabas sometimes had many rooms below ground
and many above ground for the storage of items that the dead
person wished to take with him or her into the afterlife.
14. • Tomb was discovered at the Middle Nile
River in Upper Egypt.
•.The site was built about 3150 BC.
•Three rooms of the tomb contained about
700 jars and inside the jars was discovered a
residue of an early form of herbal wine.
•The recipes identified within the pots
illuminate a long history of the Egyptian use
of grape wines.
The tomb, has been attributed to one
of the earliest of Egyptian kings,
Scorpion I, from Dynasty 0
15. Tomb, has been attributed to
one of the earliest of Egyptian
kings, Scorpion I, from First
Dynasty
16. Beasts of burden found nestled in
graves dating back 5,000 years. One of
the earliest Egyptian kings carried
his "beasts of burden" into the
afterlife.
20. Step Pyramid of Saqqara, Egypt's
Oldest Pyramid built 4,800 years
ago
21. King Djoser, who reigned from
2630 bc to 2611 bc Built the
Step Pyramid
1. Built a more elaborate royal
tomb known as the Step
Pyramid.
2. This tomb started out as a
mastaba, but its architect,
Imhotep, first expanded the
mastaba then topped it with
successively smaller mastabas.
22. Djoser’s Tomb – Step Pyramid
The Step Pyramid and later pyramids
of the 3rd Dynasty were constructed
of small, almost brick-sized stones
that were laid in vertical courses and
inward-leaning to create the sloped
sides.
In the end, Djoser’s tomb looked like a
rectangular wedding cake with six
layers.
23. The ancient Egyptians loved pyramids.There are
sixty-seven, of various sizes, scattered around the city
of Cairo alone.
The most famous, and largest, are at Gizeh, where
what is believed to be the three tombs of Khufu,
Khafre, and Menkure, are lined up side by side.
Ancient Step
Pyramid
26. King Snefru Pyramid in Meydum
King Sneferu, the father of Khufu,
built the initial true pyramids,
developing the new technique
during construction.The earliest
true pyramid, at the town of
Maydom, began as a step pyramid
with inward-leaning walls and
eight levels.
27. The Bent Pyramid at Dahshur
Would have surpassed the height of the Great
Pyramid had it been completed as designed, but
the foundations could not support the weight
and the plans had to be changed.
28. Egyptian pyramids were modeled on a sacred,
pointed stone called the benben. The benben
symbolized the rays of the sun; ancient
texts claimed that pharaohs reached the
heavens via sunbeams. (National Geographic.