1. BIOLOGY
Unit 2 Notes:
Types of Cells

2. (1) Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic Cells:
Cells without a nucleus.
–Pro = before ; -Karyo = nucleus
–Cells that evolved before a nucleus
• Eukaryotic Cells:
Cells with a nucleus and multiple organelles.
–Eu = true ; -Karyo = nucleus
–Cells with a true nucleus
–*Humans are made with eukaryotic cells.

3. (2) Uni versus Multi
• Unicellular Organisms:
Organisms made of only a single cell.
*Many of the pond water organisms.
• Multicellular Organisms:
Organisms made of trillions of
specialized cells.
*Humans .

4. (3) Organization in
Multicellular Organisms
• Most Basic Level = Atoms & Molecules
–Cells
–Tissues (made of cells)
–Organs (made of tissues)
–Organ Systems (made of organs)
–Organism (made of organ systems)

6. (5) Amoeba
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.
• Their Unique Structures:
– Pseudopods  Cytoplasm “feet” that allow it to move
around.
– Contractile Vacuole  Regulates water levels.
(4) Amoeba

7. • How Do Amoeba Eat?
– Phagocytosis:
Amoeba hunt for prey (other cells) by surrounding
them and engulfing them.
– Endocytosis:
A process where cells fuse other cells/vacuoles with
their membrane, in order to bring nutrients inside.
– Exocytosis:
A process where cells wrap waste/nutrients in vacuoles
and push them out of their outer-membranes

10. (5) Paramecium
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism
• Unique Structures:
– Cilia  Tiny hair-like structures that beat to move
organism around.
– Mouth Pore  Used to bring food into cell.
– Anal Pore  Used to release waste.
– Contractile Vacuole

13. (6) Euglena
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.
• Unique Structures:
– Flagellum  Whip-like structure that propels organism
around.
– Chloroplast  Organelle that uses sunlight to produce
sugars and oxygen.
– Stigma  Light detecting structure.
– Contractile Vacuole