The document discusses why electrons in excited state atoms can have random spin orientations in p orbitals rather than being paired. When an atom is excited, its electrons can occupy orbitals in random orientations rather than following Aufbau principle pairing of +1/2 and -1/2 spins. This allows for random placement of arrows in diagrams of p orbitals to represent the unpaired spins of excited state electrons.

1. I was wondered why is it possible to draw the arrow randomly ( not in order like +1/2,+1/2,+1/2)
in p orbital when the atom is exited?
like picture above.
ter 7, Problem 99E Bookmark Step-by-step solutic Step 1 of 3A a) To find the unpaired
electrons, we have to write this config i.e., Hence the number of unpaired electrons present in
this configura Comment Step 2 of 3 (b) The original atomic configuration with respect to Aufbau
principle If it is compare with give electron configuration, we can easily say that configuration.
Step 3 a
Solution
The arrows in the orbitals represent the electrons in that particular orbital.
So if the arrow points upwards , the electron has +1/2 spin , and if it points downwards it has -
1/2 spin.
Now +1/2 spin is always paired with -1/2 spin , after all the orbitals have atleast one electron in
them.