As a person grows from infancy to adulthood, they go through distinct stages of development in different domains such as physical, intellectual, language, social, and emotional. The document outlines the key stages as infancy from 0-2 years where bonds with parents are formed, toddler/preschool age from 2-5 years where children begin to explore independently, school age from 6-12 years where children learn self-discipline but still need parental guidance, adolescence from 13-18 years which involves body changes and self-discovery, adulthood from 18-59 years where individuals face new challenges in career and relationships, and old age 60+ which brings physical and cognitive decline.

1. Stages of Growth and
Development
Health 7 – 4th Quarter | Topic 2
Prepared by: Eddie San Z. Peñalosa

2. As a person grow from being an infant to a young adult,
distinct periods of development takes place. These
developments are determined genetically through
environmental circumstances and exchanges with key individuals
who have significant influence on the person’s growth.

3. Ages and Stages is a term used to broadly outline each stage
during the growth and development of every individual. In each
stage, changes occur in the primary developmental domains that
include physical, intellectual, language, social, and emotional.

4. Stages of Growth

5. Stages of Growth
 Infancy
 Toddler/Preschool Age
 School Age
 Adolescence
 Adulthood
 Old Age

6. Infancy (0 – 2 Years Old)
During this period, the bonds between the parents and the
child are created. This is also the time when the child’s self –
esteem starts to develop as well as his or her ability to interact
positively with other people. Here lies the significant role of the
parents in the child’s growth and development.

7. Infancy (0 – 2 Years Old)
At this point, the parents also discover the unique
characteristics, abilities, and personality that each child possess,
and in turn, providing him or her the understanding, respect,
support, and encouragement that he or she needs.

8. Toddler/Preschool Age (2 – 5 Years Old)
This is the period when a child learns to take the first step on
his or her own. He or she begins to explore his or her
surroundings and starts to ask questions about any object of
interest. During this time, the child also learns how to speak,
develops the ability to say, “No,” and has to learn how to accept
“No” from others as well.

9. Toddler/Preschool Age (2 – 5 Years Old)
This is also the stage when “emotional regulation” must be
taught to the child in order to modulate his or her emotional
expression and avoid having “meltdowns.” The difficult concept
of delaying gratification can also be introduced by the parents
using the bond they created with the child during the infancy.

10. Toddler/Preschool Age (2 – 5 Years Old)
At this stage, the child goes through a rapid physical and
intellectual development, thereby needing the parents’ right
combination of encouragement, support and guidance. This is
also the time to prepare him or her to school where he or she
will learn more about cooperation and friendly competition
among his or her peers.

11. Toddler/Preschool Age (2 – 5 Years Old)
The parents ought to teach the child the basic learning skills
and encourage him or her to participate actively in discussions
and experiments at this period of development as well.

12. School Age (6 – 12 Years Old)
Unlike toddlers and preschoolers who need constant
supervision, school-age children learn to become more
independent. Nevertheless, they still need guidance in making
good choices and exercising self – discipline. This is where the
role of the parents comes in.

13. School Age (6 – 12 Years Old)
At this stage, children mostly enjoy trying new activities,
performing in recitals, or joining athletic events. This is the period
when they become more active and strive for achievement and
recognition. However, achieving success can be as frustrating as
accepting one’s weaknesses. Therefore, children need their parents to
help them build on their strengths and overcome their self-doubt and
frustrations.

14. School Age (6 – 12 Years Old)
The parents should be there to teach them about good
moral and right conduct as well as provide them praise and
encouragement for every achievement they receive. At the same
time, children should also be given the chance to face the
consequences of their actions on their own to help them learn
from their mistakes.

15. Adolescence(13 – 18 Years Old)
During this period of development, teenagers experience certain
body changes, behaviors, emotions, and situations that most of them
find scary and overwhelming. They tend to become passive -
aggressive especially when they are being asked to do an errand, and
wanted to do things on their own. They also feel more self – conscious,
doubting their own abilities at times or becoming overconfident, and
sometimes, they become moody as well.

16. Adolescence(13 – 18 Years Old)
Through the help and guidance of the parents, teenagers can
enjoy and go through adolescence easily. The family should also
engage them in fun activities, open communication, and
community events in order to hone their talents and social skills.

17. Adolescence(13 – 18 Years Old)
Adolescence is also the stage of self – discovery and
contemplating one’s own future. Skills and talents are
developed, and relationships are taken more seriously. Peer
pressure and tempting distractions also arise during this period.

18. Adulthood(18 – 59 Years Old)
During this period of development, a lot of new challenges
and major decisions about school, career, and home life arise.
Adulthood is divided into three stages, namely: Early Adulthood,
Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood.

19. Adulthood(18 – 59 Years Old)
Early Adulthood [18-35 Years Old]
At this stage, few physical changes occur, and one becomes
mature enough to decide where to live, who he or she wants to
live with, and what type of work he or she wants to do.

20. Adulthood(18 – 59 Years Old)
Middle Adulthood [36 – 55 Years Old]
During this stage, physical sign of aging to start to appear
like wrinkles and gray hair. At this stage, metabolism is starting
to slow down, so it is easier to gain weight. Dealing with older
children and taking care of aging parents also become stressful
for middle – aged adults.

21. Adulthood(18 – 59 Years Old)
Late Adulthood [55 – 59 Years Old]
Physical and psychological decline speeds up at this stage.
Men and women tend to pay careful attention to clothing and
grooming in order to look, act, and feel the way they used to
when they were younger.

22. Old Age (60 Years Old and above)
Old people have ages nearing or surpassing the life
expectancy of human beings. This period marks the end of
human life cycle. During this age, regenerative abilities become
limited, and disease, syndrome, and sickness develop among
men and women.

23. Old Age (60 Years Old and above)
old people are also referred to as “senior citizens” or “elders.”
They are often sought for advice because of their wisdom
gained from their own experiences. Social issues such as
retirement, loneliness, ageism arise during this stage as well as
various health problems. Thus, sufficient medical attention, care,
and support are needed by the elderly.

24. Thank you for Listening