1. Gandhi
IB Higher Level History

3. Learning Objective
To assess the role Gandhi played in the
development of the Indian Nationalist
Movement up to 1922

4. Intro: Gandhi: Overview
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=mVwCeGxTN-A

5. Early Life: India to S.
Africa
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SNmJqRV7LOA&feature=related
•
Development of skills, philosophy, and tactics

6. Return from India
• Supportive of Britain in WW1/Major theme of
speeches
•
Accepts the Kaiser I Hind medal for his services
to the Indian community in S.Africa
•
Turns against Britain complete due to the
Rowlatt Act and Dyer’s actions at Amritsar

7. Beliefs
satyagraha ('devotion to truth'), a non-violent
way to redress wrongs
transformed the Indian National Congress,
his programme of peaceful non-cooperation
with the British included boycotts of British
goods and institutions, leading to arrests of
thousands

8. Methods
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5j_yi3iwpaI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=TLHTC0EJt1M&feature=related

9. 1922
•
Just before start of full campaign of civil
disobedience
•
Gandhi learns of 22 policemen being burned
alive in Gorakhpur
•
Suspends entire movement.
•
Shortly afterwards he ends up in jail with a 6
year sentence

10. Results?-Did the tactics
work? Copland
“Congress emerged from the experience of Non
Cooperation greatly strengthened”
“Before 1920 Congress had been an elite body,
dominated by the professional middle classes
from the presidencies of Bengal and Bombay;
after 1920 it became a mass organisation,
preponderantly a vehicle of the urban commercial
classes and the rich peasants of Gujarat, the
Andhra region of Madras, the United Provinces
(UP) and Bihar.”

11. Why? (Copland)
•
Strongest pillar of the Raj was that the majority
supported it (or at least assented)
•
Gandhi saw that he didn’t yet have mass
support and made a tactical withdrawal
“Accepting that he had badly miscalculated, in
1922 Gandhi mixed pragmatism with high-
mindedness and called a halt while the
movement's structure and morale remained
intact.” -Copland

12. •
1. Early background
•
2. S.Africa Review
• 3. Swaraj definition? Quiz/Use in
4.Satyagraha definition?
Diagram
•
•
5.View of technology/Cities
•
6. Peasant Appeal?
•
7. Political skills/Leadership by 1920?
•
8. Reaction to Amritsar Massacre and Rowlett act?
•
9. Civil disobedience campaign of 1920-22
• 10. Conclusion: Impact up to 1922

13. Now use the Learning
Objective to Plan an
Essay
•
To assess the role Gandhi played in the
development of the Indian Nationalist
Movement up to 1922

14. Analyse this opening
paragraphin the development of the Indian
“Gandhi played a key role
nationalist movement through his role in creating a
groundswell of cross class support for swarj or self rule. His
early political training in S.Africa developed his personal
skills and vision and after his return to India he was able to
use these to have a huge impact. These skills and his
personal charisma meant that Gandhi could appeal to
Indians of all social classes equally and crucially to urban
dwellers and rural peasants. His commitment to
nonviolence gave his beliefs moral weight and in turn
meant that his impact extended far beyond India itself. By
1922, despite some outbreaks of violence, he had built on
the foundations laid by Tilak and Besant, to become the
recognized leader of the Indian national congress and also
of a truly mass national movement committed to swarj or
self rule for India.”

15. •
Look forsentencefollowing:key
A clear opening
the which states the
point of the paragraph
•
Facts supporting the opening sentence
•
Relevant names, statistics and dates
•
Analytical links, e.g.: ‘Which in turn meant…..’, ‘this
situation created…’ and ‘that was lead to..’
•
A final linking sentence which builds on the
opening sentence and leads us forward to the
next paragraph
•
AVOID GENERALITIES
•
5-7 paragraphs is about right for full exam essay