Improving water quality at home: a new toolkit for household water treatment and safe storage
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Session on Monitoring Water Quality: What do we test for? How do we test? Why? WASRAG Water Summit V Lisbon, Portugal June 21, 2013 by Ryan Rowe ---- Summary: This presentation aims to raise awareness of the importance of monitoring water quality in projects implemented by Rotarians around the world. To start off, I will explain why water supply projects alone may not entirely address the issue of improving access to safe drinking-water, creating the need to monitor water quality. Then, I will briefly discuss a new resource for organisations concerned about poor quality drinking-water in the home, which is a good guide with considerations about what to test for and how. Finally, I will outline some considerations and practices with respect to how to go about monitoring water quality. References for all data cited in this presentation are listed on the last two slides.
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Improving water quality at home: a new toolkit for household water treatment and safe storage
- 3. • Inadequate water supply • Unsafe sanitation • Inequitable access • Time, financial cost • Disease burden • Missed opportunities POVERTY & CONFLICT 3 A vicious cycle
- 5. Starting with the vulnerable Photo credit: Ryan Rowe, May 2013, Nairobi, Kenya.
- 6. Global access may be improving … Chart Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, 2012..
- 7. … but not where it is needed most! Chart Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, 2013.. Disparities: regional, urban v rural, rich v poor
- 8. Do households have “safe” water? 11% ‐ unimproved water 34% ‐ improved water 55% ‐ piped water ? (but…) Figures are global: including developed and developing countries. Photo credits: (1) Photographer/date unknown. (2) Ryan Rowe, June 2011, Kisumu, Kenya. (3). Ryan Rowe, July 2011, Nairobi, Kenya. Data source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, 2013.
- 9. Up to 3 billion need safe water! Unimproved: 765 million1 + Unsafe improved: 1 billion2 + “1.2 billion use water from sources or systems with significant sanitary risks”2 + Households with unsafe water handling/storage: #?2 Photo credits: (1) & (2), Ryan Rowe, July 2011, Nairobi, Kenya. Data Sources: 1) WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, 2013. 2) Onda et al, 2012.
- 11. There’s a lot to monitor … Environmental factors and sanitary risks, then … Behavioural factors E.coli and total thermotolerant coliforms Chlorine residual Turbidity pH value Colour and odour Nitrate and nitrite Lead, Fluoride, Arsenic
- 12. … so we start with critical metrics! Conduct a site inspection to identify risk factors Understand household behavioural factors E.coli and total thermotolerant coliforms Chlorine residual Turbidity Colour and odour pH value Nitrate and nitrite Lead, Fluoride, Arsenic
- 16. Or, if water is handled unsafely … Uncovered water storage is a risk Area around water point is unclean Photo credit: Ryan Rowe, July 2012, Lilongwe, Malawi.
- 18. These improve water quality … Ceramic filtration Flocculant /disinfectant Solar disinfection Bio‐sand filtration Chlorination Boiling?Membrane filtration
- 19. … this toolkit helps you do it right! Identify people in need Use effective products! Achieve correct, consistent and sustained use Monitor, evaluate and adjust Download the toolkit: http://bit.ly/14KlG3H
- 21. Three things to remember 1. We are not providing safe water to those who need it most – this is a crisis! 2. Rotarians can use a new toolkit from WHO & UNICEF to strengthen project performance 3. Water quality monitoring should be done in conjunction with sanitary inspections
- 22. The Water Institute at UNC Bringing people together to tackle one of the world’s greatest challenges Obrigado! Photo credit: Ryan Rowe, May 2013, Nairobi, Kenya.
- 23. References Clasen, Thomas, Laurence Haller, Damian Walker, Jamie Bartram, and Sandy Cairncross. (2007.) Cost‐ effectiveness of water quality interventions for preventing diarrhoeal disease in developing countries. Journal of Water and Health, 5(4):599‐608. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17878570. Fewtrell, Lorna, Rachel B. Kaufmann, David Kay, Wayne Enanoria, Laurence Haller, and John M. Colford Jr. (2005.) Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 5(1):42‐52. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15620560. Onda, Kyle, Joe LoBuglio, and Jamie Bartram. (2012.) Global Access to Safe Water: Accounting for Water Quality and the Resulting Impact on MDG Progress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9:880‐894.; doi:10.3390/ijerph9030880. Waddington, Hugh, Birte Snilstveit, Howard White, and Lorna Fewtrell. (2009.)Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Combat Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries. London, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation. Available at: http://www.3ieimpact.org/en/evidence/systematic‐ reviews/details/23/. WHO & UNICEF. (2012). Toolkit for monitoring and evaluating household water treatment and safe storage. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/household_water/resources/toolkit_monitoring_evaluating/en/. WHO. (1997.) Guidelines for drinking‐water quality: second edition. Volume 3 – Surveillance and control of community supplies. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. Available at: . http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq2v1/en/index2.html.