The document discusses sterilization and disinfection procedures for dental offices. It defines sterilization as destroying all microbial life through heat, chemicals, or gas, while disinfection eliminates most disease-causing microorganisms. Proper sterilization and disinfection are essential for preventing transmission of infections. Common sterilization methods described are autoclaving, hot air ovens, and chemicals like ethylene oxide. Factors that impact effectiveness include exposure time and presence of organic matter.

1. COMPLETE STERILIZATION &
DISINFECTION

2. Patient’s health & safety is our prime concern while
managing a patient in the dental office. Preventing
transmission of contagious viruses is of the utmost
concern for us. Hence we follow all the sterilization &
disinfection procedures needed for infection control.

3. Sterilization
Sterilization is the
destruction of all forms
of microbial life by heat,
chemical sterilant, or
gas.
Disinfection
Disinfection is the
process that eliminates
many disease producing
micro-organisms on
inanimate objects, with
the exception of
bacterial spores.

4. Why Sterilization is needed?
Whenever any equipment is taken into use &
left unchecked or not disinfected properly, it is
highly likely that bacteria will grow, thus in
order to prevent spread of debilitating
diseases sterilization is mandatory .

5. Uses of Sterilization:
o Sterilization for surgical procedures: Gloves, aprons,
Surgical instruments, Syringes etc.
o Sterilization of culture media, reagents & equipments
to maintain a sterile condition.

6. Sterilization Disinfection
High Temperature: Moist or
heat/steam or dry heat
Low Level: Kills most vegetative
bacteria, some viruses & some fungi
Low Temperature: ozone
Chemical: Liquid sterilants, hydrogen
peroxide
Intermediate Level: kills vegetative
bacteria, viruses, fungi &
mycobacterium
Gas: Ethylene oxide High Level: kills all microbial
organisms- potential to render device
sterile
Radiation: Gamma, e-beam Thermal: Disinfection via thermal
applications under 100 degrees
Celsius

7. Factors affecting efficacy of disinfection &
sterilization –
 Number & location of microorganisms
 Bio films
 Duration of exposure
 Organic & inorganic matter
 Physical & chemical factors
 Concentration & potency of disinfectants
 Innate resistance of microorganisms

8. Sterilization Methods
Physical Methods
 Moist heat in Autoclave
 Dry heat in ovens
 Gamma irradiation
 Filtration
 Plasma sterilization
Chemical Methods
 Ethylene oxide
 Glutaraldehyde (high
concentration)
Disinfection Methods
Physical Methods
 Boiling & Pasteurisation
 UV radiation
Chemical Agents
 Alcohols
 Aldehydes
 Halogens
 Phenols
 Surfactants
 Heavy metals
 Dyes
 Oxidants

9. Hot air oven
is an apparatus with double metallic
walls and a door. There is an air
space between these walls.
The apparatus is heated by
electricity or gas at the bottom. On
heating, the air at the bottom
becomes hot and passes between
the two walls from below upwards,
and then passes in the inner
chamber through the holes on Me
top of the apparatus. A thermostat
is fitted to maintain a constant
temperature of 160°C.

10. • It Is one of the most common method used for
sterilization. Glass wares, swab sticks, all-glass
syringes, powder and oily substances are sterilized in
hot air oven. For sterilization, a temperature of 160°C
is maintained (holding) for one hour. Spores are
killed at this temperature. It leads to sterilization.

11. Autoclave
Moist heat destroys
microorganisms by the
irreversible denaturation of
enzymes & structural proteins.
The temperature at which
denaturation occurs varies
inversely with the amount of
water present.
Recommendations for
sterilization in an autoclave are
15 minutes at 121⁰C.

12. Working of Autoclave:
On the lid, there are : (1) A gauge for indicating the
pressure,
(2) A safety valve, which can be set to blow off at any
desired pressure, and
(3) A stopcock to release the pressure. It is provided with
a perforated diaphragm. Water is placed below the
diaphragm and heated from below by electricity, gas or
stove.
(a) Place materials inside,
(b) Close the lid. Leave stopcock open,
(c) Set the safety valve at the desired pressure,

13. (d) Heat the autoclave. Air is forced out and eventually
steam ensures out through the tap,
(e) close the tap. The inside pressure now rises until it
reaches the set level (i.e. 15 min), when the safety valve
opens and the excess steam escapes,
(f) Keep it for 15 minutes (holding time),
(g) Stop heating,
(h) Cool the autoclave below 100°C,
(i) Open the stopcock slowly to allow air to enter the
autoclave.

14.  For more information, you can book an
appointment at
 Dr Sachdeva Dental Aesthetic And Implant ,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
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