The PPP is made of UG and PG students with the help of many resources. Not for my API. Just for knowledge.

1. Chandela Art ( c.950-1540 CE)
Sachin Kr. Tiwary

2. 1. Also known as Chandelas of
Jejakabhukti because the ancient
name of the Bundelkhand was
Jejakabhukti.
2. They were feudal of Gurjara-
Pratihara of Kanyakubja/Kannauj.
3. Sources-
I. Inscriptions,
II. Literature- Prabodhchandrodaya,
Varnaratnakar, Kumarpalcharita,
Prithvirajraso,
III. Muslim Chronicles- Abū Rayḥān
Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-
Bīrūnī ,
IV. Art.
Decline- Due to the army of Delhi
Sultanate, under the command of the
Muslim Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak, attacked
and seized the Chandela kingdom.
...near (Khajuraho) temples, which contain idols that have been mutilated by
the Moslems, live a number of yogis whose matted locks have grown as long
as their bodies. And on account of extreme asceticism they are all yellow in
colour. Many Moslems attend these men in order to take lessons (yoga) from
them.—about 1335 CE, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭūṭah

3. Inscription, Laxaman Temple

4. Centre of Art-
1. Khajuraho/ Kharjuravāhaka
2. Kalinajra
3. Ajaygarh
4. Mahoba

6. Types of Art-
1. Shaivism
2. Vaishnavism
3. Shakta
4. Jainism

7. Context of Art-
1. Free Standing Sculptures
2. Part of Structural Sculpture on the wall of the temple
3. Rock-Cut Sculptures
Medium of Art-
1. Granite
2. Sandstone
3. Marble

8. Theme of Art-
1. Social- Cultural, Religious, Family, Play, Writing,
Dressing, Ornaments etc.)
1. Political
2. Economical
3. Technological
4. Nature- (Flora and Fauna)

9. Salient Features
• Detail in Jewelry,
• Highly decorated head
dresses,
• Deeper Carving
(Feature of Gurjar-
Pratihar),
• Un-natural Posture of
the body,

10. Salient Features
• Detail in Jewelry,
• Highly decorated head
dresses,

11. • Thin lip,
• Pouting lip,
• Rounded chin,
• Round face,
• Elongated Eyes,
• Long straight nose,
• Wavy dress shown by the lines on
the drapery.
Salient Features

12. Khajuraho
• Ancient Name Kharjuravāhaka (kharjura, खर्जूर
means date palm and vāhaka, वाहक means "one who
carries" or bearer)
• Khajuraho temples were built between 950 AD and
1050 AD by the Chandela dynasty,
• Most temples were built during the reigns of the
Hindu kings Yashovarman and Dhanga,
• Kandariya Mahadeva built in the reign of
King Vidyadhara.
• Group of Brahminical and Jaina temples,
• Located in the Chhatarpur dist. of Madhya Pradesh,
• This is UNESCO World Heritage Site,
• The temples architecture are on Nagara style,
• This is one the most famous place for the placement
of Erotic Art,
• Out of about 85 temples now only about 25 temples
have survived which is spread over six square km.

13. Surviving temples, six are dedicated to Shiva,
eight to Vishnu and his affinities, one to
Ganesha, one to Sun god, three to Jain
Tirthankars..
The artwork symbolically highlight the four
goals of life considered necessary and
proper in Hinduism -
dharma, kama, artha and moksha

14. GroupofTemples,Khajuraho

15. Laxaman
Temple

16. Vishwanath
Temple

17. Matangeshwar Temple
It is square grid temple,
with a large 2.5 metres
(8.2 ft) high and 1.1
metres (3.6 ft) diameter
lingam, placed on a 7.6
metres (25 ft) diameter
platform…

18. Varaha

19. Trimurti Vishnu

20. Saarthavah

21. Education&HuntingScene&Others

22. Vishnu Nandi / Mahishasur

23. Ardhanarishwar Vishmayi Vishnu

24. Construction of Temples

25. Sheshayi Vishnu
Brahma & his consort

26. Vaman Shiva Teerthankar

27. Erotic Art This state which is “like a man and woman in close embrace” is a symbol of
moksa, final release or reunion of two principles, the essence (Purusha) and
nature (Prakriti)— Stella Kramrisch

28. Nayika, Aphsara, Celestial Woman, Surasundari Apsara
Prabodhacandrodaya, Karpuramanjari, Viddhasalabhanjika
and
Kavyamimansa

29. Different forms of Nayika
Vyalas may represent syncretic,
creative combination of powers
innate in the two.

30. Jaina Art
•Parshvanath Temple
•Adinath Temple
•Shantinath Temple
•Ghantai Temple

31. Jaina Art

32. Jaina Art
Image of King Nabhi and Mata Marudevi
(Parents of first Tirthankara)
Gomukh yaksha

33. Types of monolithic stairs

34. Engraving: Before, During & After

35. Ajaygarh
• Ajaigarh is in the district of Panna and is easily accessible from Khajuraho.
• The fort is bordered by beautiful Vindhya Hills and provides absolutely stunning views of the
Ken River.
• This grand fort is noted for its rich historical past and architectural beauty, which speaks
volumes about the Chandela dynasty.
• Reminiscent of old times,
this fort has two gates
(earlier there were five), two
temples and two rock-cut
tanks, close to the northern
gate.
• These tanks have been
named as Ganga and
Yamuna.

36. Sarswati with 24 Jain Tirthankaras
Monolithic Rock Cut Sculptures

37. Yogi

38. Mahoba
• Mahoba is a city in Mahoba District of UP in the Bundelkhand region,
• The place is well known for the 9th century granite Sun temple built in Pratihara style, which latterly influenced the art
of Chandela,
• During the time of Kirttivarman (reigned c. 1060–1100 CE), the capital shifted to Mahoba, and Khajuraho declined,
• It is also well known for the 24 rock-cut Jain tirthankara image on Gokhar hill.
SIMHANAD-AVALOKITESHWARA PADMAPANI AVALOKITESHWARA TARA BUDDHA

39. Kalinjar (The destroyer of time)
• Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of UP in Banda District,
• The fortress contains several temples dating as far back as the Gupta dynasty of the 3rd-5th centuries,
• The term "Kalinjar" (as "Kalanjara") appears in ancient Hindu mythology, but the exact origins of the fort itself are uncertain.
• The fort came to prominence during the Chandela rule.
• According to Chandela-era legends, the fort was built by a Chandela ruler.
• The Chandela rulers used the title Kalanjaradhipati ("Lord of Kalanjara"), which shows the importance they attached to the fort.

40. Rock Cut Sculptures on the
natural boulders and on
natural surface of rock

41. RockCutSculptures

42. 'Kurma Avatar.’
The churning of the cosmic ocean.
Bas relief from temple of Nilkanth
1850
Source http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000546u00041d00.html
Author Maisey, Frederick Charles (1825-1892)

43. Influence
1. Art of Gupta Period (Twist in the Body)
2. Art of Pratihara Period (Deep Carving)
3. Art of Pala Period (Tantrism)

44. Sources:
Six Sculptures from Mahoba, K.N.Dixit, 1998, ASI
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandelas_of_Jej
akabhukti#Art_and_architecture
 http://ww.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/ot
her/019wdz000000706u00000000.html
 https://www.nelson-
atkins.org/collection/south-southeast-asian/
Any Question ?