Datura stramonium, commonly known as jimsonweed, is a poisonous plant native to North America. It grows as a weed worldwide in warm, temperate regions. The plant contains several tropane alkaloids, including atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. Historically, it has been used medicinally to treat conditions like asthma, pain, and motion sickness, and its active ingredients are still present in some modern drugs for treating gastrointestinal, respiratory, and eye conditions. The alkaloids can cause adverse effects if consumed, as the plant is poisonous.

1. DATURA STRAMONIUM

2. Scientific Classification
• Kingdom: planteae
• Family Solanales
• Sub family Solanoideae
• Tribe Datureae
• Genus Datura
• Species stramonium
• Full name Datura stramonium

3. Habitat:
Datura stramonium is native to North America but
was spread to the Old World early.
It grows wild in all the world's warm and moderate
regions, where it is found along roadsides and it is found as
a weed on wastelands and in garbage dumps.
The seed is thought to be carried by birds and spread
in their droppings. Its seeds can lie dormant underground
for years and germinate when the soil is disturbed.

4. Descriptionofplant
• Like a bush up to 2 to 5 feet (60–150 cm) tall.
• The stem is stout, erect, leafy, smooth, and pale yellow-
green. The stem forks off repeatedly into branches, and at
each fork forms a leaf and a single, erect flower
• The root is long, thick, fibrous and white.

6. Leaves
• The leaves are approximately 3 to 8 inches long smooth,
toothed, soft, irregularly undulate. The upper surface of
the leaves is a darker green, and the bottom is a light
green
• .The leaves have a bitter and nauseatin taste remains
even after the
leaves have been dried.

7. Descriptionofflower
• Datura stramonium generally flowers throughout the
summer. The fragrant flowers are trumpet-shaped, white
to creamy or violet, (6–9 cm) long, and grow on short
stems from either the axils of the leaves or the places
where the branches fork.
• The calyx is long and tubular, swollen at the bottom, and
sharply angled, surmounted by five sharp teeth.
The corolla , which is folded and only partially open, is
white, funnel-shaped, and has prominent ribs. The flowers
open at night, emitting a pleasant fragrance.

9. DescriptionofFruit
The egg-shaped seed capsule is 1 to 3 inches in
diameter and either covered with spines or bald. At maturity
it splits into four chambers, each with dozens of small black
seeds.

11. Activeingredients
The major alkaloids are
Atropine, hyoscyamine ,scopolamine
64minor tropane alkaloids have been identified
in Datura species.
Tigloidin, aposcopolamine, apoatropin,
hyoscyamine N-oxide and scopolamine N-oxide17-20.
ditigloyloxytropane and 7-hydroxyhyoscyamine are
reported for the first time in this species

12. Commercialandmedicinaluses
• Datura is extremely effective treatment for asthma symptoms
• as an analges
• The Chinese also used it as anaesthesia during surgery
• used to treat Parkinson's disease
• motion sickness
• to inhibit parasympathetic stimulation of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, GI
tract, heart and eye.
• . Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties
• Antimicrobial Activity
• Antiinflamatory activity
• Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities
• . Pesticide toxicity

13. Atropine
• Normal dose >10 mg atropine.
• Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP keep the heart
beat normal
• Before anaesthesia to decrease mucus secretions
• Lomotil tablets (atropine sulfate, diphenoxylate
hydrochloride)
• Minims Atropine Sulphate 1%, Eye drops
solution atropine sulfate Dilating the pupil to aid
examination of the inside of the eyebal, eg the fundus and
retina.

14. Hyoscyamine
• Dose 0.125mg to 0.375 mg
Examples:
Hyoscyamine Sulfate Tablet
Levsin®
Anaspaz
Cystospaz
Donnamar

15. Scopolamine:
• Dose 2–4 mg
• Transderm Scōp®