1. Social
development
and gender -
Brazil
Tatau Godinho
Secretary of Policies for Women’s
Work and Economic Autonomy
Secretariat of Policies for Women
Presidency of The Republic of Brazil

2. Secretary of Policies for Women
 Established in 2003
 Ministerial level
 Responsible for the formulation of public
policies for improving rights and living
condition of Brazilian women
 Advisor to the Presidency on themes related
to formulation, coordination and articulation
of policies for women
 Inter relation with all areas of government to
develop policies for women

3. Political Guidelines
 Build citizenship and autonomy for
women, from personal, economic, social
and cultural perspectives
 New challenges of equality:
 Social, political and economic rights
 Sexual and reproductive rights
 Greater participation in leadership positions
in society
 A life free from violence.

4. Presence in paid work
 Increasing participation of women in labour
market
 From 2001 to 2011- an increase of 24% of women
in economically active population
 Still women are less available for working out
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 2012

5. 42,1
10
52,1
36,1
20,8
56,9
Paid work Unpaid Work Paid + Unpaid Work
Men
Women
Average weekly hours by sex
Paid and non-paid work
 Persistency of the sexual division of labour.
 Initiatives to have broader time-use research
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 2012

6. Family arrangement and care
 Changes on family arrangements
 The proportion of women as the reference person
of family arrangements increased from 28% in
2002 to 38% in 2012
 Increasing responsibility for raising children and
care duties/tasks by themselves
 Acceleration of aging process of population
 New needs for social policies

7. Social Equality Promotion
and Work Policies
Income
Social Security
Some affirmative actions

8. Improvement of formal labour
sector
 In the last decade, an increase of 27,6% of
workers in formal market.
 Proportion of formal workers went from
44,6 in 2002 to 56,9% in 2012- (da PEA)
 Slightly more positive for women: 12,3 pp
in total – 13,1pp for women
 Rate of women in the formal private
sector is growing faster than rate for men –
(carteira de trabalho)
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 20011/2012

9. Women are still the majority in
informal labour
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 20011/2012

10. Still in lower paid working areas
 ¼ of all women workers are concentrated in domestic
work, self consumed production and non-paid
jobs/tasks. For men it is 5,6%.
 5.8 million domestic workers, 92% women.
 Constitutional Amendment n°72/2013 to ensure more
16 labor rights to domestic workers.
Domestic workers
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 2012
Coverage rate

11. Appreciation of minimum wage
 In the last 10 years,
an increase of
239%.
 Reflex on social
protection and
pension system

12. Some results
 In the last decade, an increase of 31,4% on
female net income. Of 38,5% in informal
market.
 In 2002, average income gap of 30%. In 2012,
27%. Slow but important reduction.
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, PNAD 2012

13. Income-transfer policy
 Bolsa Família:
 More than 14 million families receiving
allowances ranging from US$ 35 to US$ 120.
 Women represent 54% of the beneficiaries and
93% of Program´s card holders.
 Coordination/integration of public policies –
access to existing policies and creation of
subsidiary ones. Ex:
 Health assistance
 Improvement in child care attendance.
 Playing areas for children while women are
attending courses

14. Policies for rural producers
 Food Acquisition Program (PAA)
 5% of program budget for organizations run
exclusively or mainly by women;
 40% quota for women in accepted proposals;
 Rural Technical Assistance and Extension (ATER)
 30% quota for contracted technicians.;
 50% quota for beneficiaries;
 Family Farming Funding for Women (PRONAF-Mulher)
 A specific line apart from the family credit;
 Documents Issuing
 1 million women between 2004 and 2012.

15. Care and Education Policies
 Daycare Policies
 Increase in the proportion of children which
attend daycare centres (up to 3 years of age)
 2000: 9,4% of children attending daycare centres.
 2012: 33,9% of children attending daycare
centres
 Full-time education (schedule)
 Nowadays over 3 million students attend a full
time elementary school.
 For those enrolled in public schools, 8,3% were in
full time schools;
 For those enrolled in private schools, 1,9%.

16. Access to social security
 Women are majority of pension holders and only
1/3 of retirement benefit holders.
 Growth in social security enrolment – slow process
related to labour market
 Implementation of retirement benefit for rural
women is more difficult due to family
production/tradition – specific measures taken
 New family arrangements – new rights
 Gays and lesbians rights to social security benefits.

17. Special Social Security
Measures
 Housewives in lower income are entitled to
retirement and other social benefits with a
smaller contribution
 Law approved in 2013
 Over 400 thousand housewives included
 Special social security benefit for people with
disability (or low income elderly people)-BPC

18. Sexual and reproductive rights
 Planning of reproduction is a necessary asset
for women’s economic and personal
independence – age of reproduction and
number of children.
 Determinants of the decline in fertility rates
 A demanding society – for better and more
access to services
 Policies addressing specific groups –
adolescents, gays and lesbians, women in
more remote areas etc.

19. Leadership position
A very strong participation in social movements but
small presence in formal leadership position and
political representation.

20. Women in Parliament and
Executive Office
Women Candidates
Election
(year)
President Senator Governor Federal
Congresswoman
State
Congresswoman
2002 0% 11,5% 9,85% 8,19% 12,56%
2006 28,60% 15,91% 12,68% 12,66% 14,27%
2010 22,20% 13,28% 11,04% 19,42% 21,06%

21. Women in Parliament and
Executive Offices
Women elected
Election
(year)
President Senator State
Governor
Federal
Congresswoman
State
Congresswoman
2002 0% 12,3% 7,4% 8,2% 12,56
2006 0% 14,8% 11,11% 8,97% 11,61%
2010 100% 14,81% 7,4% 8,77% 12,85%
 Law of women quotas is not effective in the existing electoral
system. Vote is not on a list but on an individual.

22. Combating violence
against women
Approval of a legal framework,
coordination of policies and services,
reinforcing support for women.

23. National Policy on Violence
against Women
Prevention
cultural and educational
actions for interfering on
sexist standards
Face-off and Combating
Punitive actions and fulfillment
of the Maria da Penha Law
Assistance
strengthening the service
network and training of public
servants
Access and guarantee of
rights
compliance with national/
international legislation and
initiative to empower women
National Policies
on Violence
Against Women

24. AXIS I – Assurance of the applicability
of the Maria da Penha Law
AXIS II – Increase and
Strengthening of the Services for
Women in Violence Situation
AXIS III – Assure the citizen safety
and access to Justice
AXIS IV- Assurance of the Sexual and
Reproductive Rights, Tackling Sexual
Exploitation and Trafficking women
AXIS V – Assurance of Autonomy
for Women in Situation of Violence
and Broadening of their Rights
National Covenant to Face Violence Against
Women

25. National Covenant to Face
Violence Against Women
Formal covenant between the Federal
Government and:
• State Governments
• Judiciary system at national and states level
• Health system - Federal and local
• Social assistance services
• Police departments
Local Coordinators: Secretaries or coordinations
of Women’s Affairs at State level.

26. National Program – Women
Living Without Violence
Integrate services in a physical facility
Emergency call service coordination – Call 180
Public educational campaigns

27. Some Challenges:
 Reorganization of the unpaid work inside families –
social change much beyond gov’t
 Access to child care facilities is key to being in the
labour market
 Development of care policies with a gender
perspective
 Process of deinstitutionalization of health policies –
Who is going to take care of:
 The elderly
 Dependent people – health problems/ with disabilities
 Need of advancing on access to sexual and
reproductive rights.
 Sustained economic development policies - integrate
areas in a long term gender perspective.

28. Thank you!
Tatau Godinho
Secretary of Policies for Women’s Work and
Economic Autonomy
SPM/PR - Brazil