Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Apprenticeships 2017
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Focusing on the Counter Terrorism and Security Act, 2015; this presentation is about 'stopping people from supporting terrorism or becoming terrorists' in the apprenticeship and education sector. Information about safeguarding, risk assessments, planning, and staff training has also been included.
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Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Apprenticeships 2017
- 1. Diversity, Inclusion & Equality in Apprenticeships 2017 Prevent & The Statutory Duty Mrs Hifsa Haroon-Iqbal MBE DL West Midlands Regional Prevent Lead Further and Higher Education Twitter:- @hhi1 www.hifsaharooniqbal.com
- 3. PREPARE PROTECT PURSUE PREVENT “stopping people supporting terrorism or becoming terrorists.” CONTEST (4 P’s) Stop terrorist attacks Strengthen our protection against a terrorist attack Mitigate the impact of a terrorist attack
- 4. Challenging all Ideologies that support Terrorism and those who promote it Protecting vulnerable Individuals Supporting sectors & Institutions to mitigate the risks of radicalisation taking place NOT about arresting people IS about stopping people becoming Terrorists or supporting Terrorism by Safeguarding PREVENT
- 5. Counter Terrorism & Security Act 2015 Legislation was passed into law 13th February 2015 Section 26(1) of the CTA 2015 imposes a duty on “specified authorities”, when exercising their functions “to have due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism”
- 6. The Prevent Statutory Duty • Section 29 (1) of the CTA 2015 The Secretary of State may issue guidance to specified authorities about the exercise of their duty under section 26(1) • Risk Assessment • Prevent Action Plan • Partnership • Staff Training • Welfare & pastoral care • Safety Online • Speakers & eventsCommencement date 18th Sept 2015
- 7. Risk Assessment & Action Plan • Each institution should carry out a risk assessment which assesses where & how students & staff may be at risk of being drawn into terrorism • Where risk is identified the DfE Prevent Lead should be notified & a Prevent Action Plan developed • Counter-Terrorism Local Profile (CTLP) is produced by each area’s police force to provide an overview of the national, regional & local risks from terrorism & extremism in each area. • The CTLP should be used to inform the risk assessment, to brief appropriate staff & understand local/national/international risks. • Risk assessments should be updated, at least annually, & informed by the CTLP or Police/Local Authority briefings & partnerships. • No standard format template – examples & guidance available. • A specific Prevent Policy is not necessary • The plan should be a living document continually updated with review dates • Who owns/reviews your plan? (Exec’ Team? Internal Steering Group?) • Is there a business process to oversee & report on implementation? (Safeguarding oversight forum) • Is the plan up to date (dates, achievements, changes)? • Can it be readily accessed?
- 8. Partnership • We would expect active engagement from governors, boards, principals, managers & leaders with other partners …” • “We would expect institutions to seek to engage & consult students on their plans for implementing the duty ..” • Link to DfE HE/FE Regional Prevent Coordinator • Local Authority Prevent Coordinators • Police Prevent Team & Channel • Local Safeguarding links & forums • Links across the region with peers & specialists provides up to date information, good practice & localised problem solving.
- 9. Staff Training • Appropriate training & development for Governors, Leaders & Staff. • This will enable staff to educate & challenge & exemplify British values • Expect appropriate (ALL) staff to have an understanding of the factors that make people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism & to challenge extremist ideas …. • Staff should have sufficient training to recognise vulnerability & be aware of what action to take • Prevent Training will enable: 1. Staff to have an understanding of the factors that make people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism 2. Recognise such vulnerability 3. Know what action to take (Safeguarding referral) 4. Challenge extremist ideas which are used by terrorist groups • Ofsted’ interpretation of “appropriate staff” is ALL & their expectation that ALL staff will now have completed training (exception for new providers) • Test the Impact of the training? • Refresher training plan– tied into Safeguarding refresher or distinct? • New starters & induction?
- 10. Safety Online • Policies relating to IT use should contain specific reference to “the duty”. • Clear policies to ID instances where terrorism or extremist materials are accessed for curriculum purposes • Should consider the use of filters as part of their overall strategy to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism • Preparing learners for life in the modern world – keeping safe & resilient online • Appropriate references in IT usage policy • Keywords & phrases advice • Systems in place to ensure checks (monitoring) & interventions (includes wider safeguarding risks) • “How are you supporting your learners to stay safe online?” • Oversight of social media sites with links to the institution • Prevent Statutory Duty v Ofsted Common Inspection Framework • JISC advice & support
- 11. Speakers & Events • Policies & procedures in place for the assessment of the risk & management of events held on premises • Should include: • sufficient notice for checks, • advance notice of content, • system for assessment of risks, • Should take seriously the responsibility for excluding those promoting extremist material &/or views • Balance between free speech & protecting staff/leaners • External speaker = Anyone who isn’t a member of staff or student of that institution who is invited to speak at an event • The context for FE • External inputs to students, employability & charity events, materials shared with learners • Policy covering assessment, suitability, checks, approval, supervision, sharing of material? • Retention of records for inspection
- 12. Welfare & pastoral support / Prayer facilities • Sufficient pastoral care & support for all students (according to institution’s needs) • Expect clear & widely available policies for use of prayer rooms & faith related activities including management of facilities & issues arising • Understand the needs of your learner demographic. Opportunity to “health check” existing provisions – not a mandate to create facilities • Prayer facilities, multi-faith or “reflection spaces”? • Segregation issues • No ungoverned spaces • Guidance for use/management of facilities • Where facilities don’t exist consideration of sharing, signposting, develop external links – due diligence! • Equality Act 2010 requirements
- 14. UK Terrorism Threat Level – What it means • The current UK Threat Level from terrorism was raised to SEVERE. • This means that a terrorist attack on the UK Mainland is “highly likely”.
- 15. Threat levels Critical An attack is expected imminently (22nd May–26th May 2017) Severe An attack is highly likely (27th May 2017) ( 29th August 2014) Substantial An attack is a strong possibility Moderate An attack is possible, but not likely Low An attack is very unlikely.
- 16. Terrorist Attacks Last 12 months •19 June; A group of Muslim worshippers were hit when a van mounted the pavement and drove into them in Finsbury Park. One man died and nine other people injured. A 47-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences •3 June An attack in London left seven people dead and 48 injured when a white van hit pedestrians on London Bridge before three men got out of the vehicle and began stabbing people in nearby Borough Market. The suspects were shot dead by police minutes later •22 May An attack in Manchester left 22 people dead and 59 injured after a male suicide bomber targeted children and young adults at the end of a concert at the Manchester Arena by US singer Ariana Grande •22 March A terror attack near the Houses of Parliament left 6 people dead and 50 injured . Khalid Masood mounted the pavement in a hired car and drove into pedestrians on Westminster Bridge. He then ran towards Parliament and stabbed a police officer to death before being shot dead by officers. •16 June Thomas Mair shot and stabbed to death Labour MP Jo Cox in Birstall, West Yorkshire. Mair, who accessed extremist websites and was an avid reader of far-right literature, shouted: "Britain first," in the attack. He was given a whole life sentence for the murder.
- 17. Risk & Threat Update • Travel Abroad to areas conflict (Syria, Iraq, Africa etc) • Returnees from Syria, Iraq • Online radicalisation • Far Right Extremism • Lone actor attacks • Andrew Parker – Head of Mi5 • Risk of individuals wanting to join IS/Daesh, AQ etc • Appeal of the so called Caliphate to individuals & families • Concept of “Blowback” & PTSD • Proliferation & availability of radicalising & de-sensitising material • Proscription of National Action & Brexit/hate crime i.e. murder of Jo Cox MP • Right Wing & Islamist inspired activities -more difficult to identify • “There will be terrorist attacks in Britain” 1st Nov’ 2016 • 12 Jihadi terror plots foiled in last 3 years, • 3000 “violent Islamist extremists” in UK
- 18. The Equality Act 2010 Equality Act provisions which came into force on 1 October 2010: the basic framework of protection against direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation in services and public functions, work, education, associations and transport
- 19. The Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 says you must not be discriminated against because: •You are (or are not) of a particular religion. •You hold (or do not hold) a particular philosophical belief. •Someone thinks you are of a particular religion or hold a particular belief. This is known as discrimination by perception. •You are connected to someone who has a religion or belief. This is known as discrimination by association.
- 20. Does Prevent Discriminate against Muslims? ““Prevent will address all forms of terrorism but continue to prioritise according to the threat they pose to our national security. At present, the majority of our resources and efforts will continue to be devoted to preventing people from joining or supporting Al Qa’ida, its affiliates or related groups” 30% of cases supported by Channel nationally (50% in some regions) coming from far right related cases. We have also seen far right inspired acts of terrorism in the murder of Jo Cox in June 2016, that resulted in the proscribing of National Action, a far right organisation, A far right terrorist attack on worshippers at Finsbury Park during the month of Ramadan.
- 21. What the Prevent duty means for schools and colleges in England: An analysis of educationalists’ experiences Joel Busher ; Tufyal Choudhury ; Paul Thomas ; Gareth Harris Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations 5th July 2017
- 22. • Prevent is working – vast majority of teachers are confident at implementing the Duty in their schools, to ensure pupils are safeguarded • “In both the interview and survey data we found fairly high and widespread confidence among educationalists about implementing the Prevent duty.” • . “Over three quarters of the respondents described themselves either as ‘very confident’ (29%) or ‘fairly confident’ (47%) about implementing the duty. Less than 1 in 10 described themselves either as ‘not very confident’ (5%) or ‘not confident at all’ (4%).” • “We found relatively little support among respondents for the idea that the duty has led to a ‘chilling effect’ on conversations with students in the classroom and beyond.” • “Given the often damning commentaries on and assessments of Prevent in media discourse, the overall views emerging from school/college staff about the duty were, perhaps, surprisingly balanced.”
- 23. Thank you! Mrs Hifsa Haroon-Iqbal MBE DL West Midlands Regional Prevent Lead Further and Higher Education Hifsa.iqbal@birmingham.gov.uk @hhi1 www.hifsaharooniqbal.com
Notas del editor
- The Prevent strategy was published in 2007 & revised in 2011. It forms part of the UK Government’s overall Counter-Terrorism strategy – CONTEST. Contest comprises of four sub-strategies, three of which are likely to address what most people think of when they hear the word ‘counter-terrorism.’ These strategies cover the work of the security services, or the strengthening of infrastructure to mitigate against the impact of an attack. The aims of Prevent are very simple – Prevent tries to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. It has been placed in a different part of the slide, because it occupies a different space to the other sub-strategies. It occupies the non-criminal space, intervening before any offence has been committed.
- Prevent operates within that non-criminal space; it is not about arresting people. It is about safeguarding individuals to Prevent them from entering the criminal justice system. Prevent does this in 3 ways; by challenging ideologies that support terrorism. We do this through a range of projects and curriculum-based resources designed to provide a counter-narrative to extremist ideology. Prevent aims to protect vulnerable individuals, by providing multi-agency safeguarding support to those identified at risk. And it also aims to support sectors and institutions to mitigate the risks, by supporting compliance with the Counter Terrorism and Security Act and by providing guidance to institutions on how to manage the risks within their specific context.
- 60 MINUTES slides 16 to 28 Differentiate between the Prevent Strategy (advisory) & the CTA which provides a Statutory Duty Condition of funding that all Further Education & independent training providers must comply with relevant legislation
- Guidance under the CTA directed specifically at FE (only HE also has specific sector guidance)
- Explain layout of the slides – “The Duty says…” in colour in the left panel, advice, interpretation & good practice in the right panel Risk assessment – emphasise that the Duty says this must be undertaken Clarify what CTLPs are & the role in supporting the risk assessment Prevent Priority areas – higher risk Advice on completing an Action Plan – no set format It must be updated & reviewed
- Ensure that people understand the 3 important requirements of Prevent training Ofsted expectations re “appropriate” = ALL (what does this mean with ILPs & work based learners?) Ofsted expectations re completion rates for training Training appropriate to role i.e. different levels/types/mediums for different staff WRAP training (including Train the Trainer), ETF online, many other commercial offerings – link to local partnerships Discuss understanding & measuring the IMPACT of training
- Emphasise the 3 areas of compliance 1) Policy inclusion 2) Systems for filtering & monitoring i.e. checks & interventions 3) Keepings learners safe online JISC advice & support to the sector
- Outline what the Duty says Explain the context for FE & Skills – outsiders who are introduced to learners & may share views/materials/weblinks etc “Light touch” system for checks & authorisation Supervision
- Emphasise the need for welfare facilities & systems (wider safeguarding) should already be in place The Duty does not mandate that Prayer/Faith facilities have to be put in place Health check existing arrangements & if none understand why Explain the dangers of “ungoverned spaces” & how to avoid this Due diligence requirements of signposting to other organisations/locations for facilities & support
- Because the panel is populated by a range of statutory and non-statutory partners, the panel is able to decide on the specific vulnerabilities and develop a bespoke support plan. The support provided will take a range of forms, depending on the specific needs of the individual, but could include linking up the vulnerable individual with a mentor, or facilitating support from within the local authority. Engagement with Channel is voluntary at all stages – the individual is able to withdraw from or decline support – they will not be forced to engage with Channel.
- 30 MINUTES slides 6 & 7 The only level higher than this is Critical which means that an attack is “expected imminently” i.e. intelligence suggests that terrorists are out on the ground about to carry out an attack i.e. Brussels city centre December 2015.
- Britain has been hit by a series of terror attacks in 2017, the most recent being an attack on Muslim worshippers in Finsbury Park. Here is a list of major terrorist attacks and attempted terror plots going back to 1996: 2017: 19 June A group of Muslim worshippers were hit when a van mounted the pavement and drove into them in Finsbury Park. The attack happened during the holy month of Ramadan after 00:00 BST, when many people were in the area attending evening prayers. One man, who had fallen ill before the attack, died and nine other people were treated in hospital. A 47-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences. 2017: 3 June An attack in London left seven people dead and 48 injured. A white van hit pedestrians on London Bridge before three men got out of the vehicle and began stabbing people in nearby Borough Market. The suspects were shot dead by police minutes later. 2017: 22 May An attack in Manchester left 22 people dead and 59 injured after a male suicide bomber targeted children and young adults at the end of a concert at the Manchester Arena by US singer Ariana Grande. The bomber, Salman Ramadan Abedi, 22, was born in Manchester to Libyan parents. 2017: 22 March Six people, including the attacker, died and 50 people were injured in a terror attack near the Houses of Parliament. Khalid Masood mounted the pavement in a hired car and drove into pedestrians on Westminster Bridge. He then ran towards Parliament and stabbed a police officer to death before being shot dead by officers. 2016: 16 June Thomas Mair shot and stabbed to death Labour MP Jo Cox in Birstall, West Yorkshire. Mair, who accessed extremist websites and was an avid reader of far-right literature, shouted: "Britain first," in the attack. He was given a whole life sentence for the murder. 2015: 5 December A man attacked Tube passengers with a knife at Leytonstone station in east London. Muhiddin Mire shouted: "This is for my Syrian brothers, I'm going to spill your blood," before he was finally subdued. Mire, who had a history of mental illness, was jailed for life. The judge at his trial said he had been driven by "Islamic extremism". 2013: 22 May British soldier Lee Rigby was murdered in Woolwich, south-east London by Islamic extremists Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale. The men drove into Fusilier Rigby with a car before attacking him with a knife. Adebolajo was given a whole-life term and Adebowale was jailed for a minimum of 45 years. 2008: 22 May A failed suicide nail-bomb attack occurred at the Giraffe restaurant in Exeter. Nicky Reilly - a Muslim convert - was the only person injured when the homemade device went off in his hands in the restaurant's toilets. Reilly was found dead in Manchester prison in 2016. 2007: 30 June A Jeep was driven into the main terminal building at Glasgow Airport in an attempted suicide attack. Five people were hurt. One of the perpetrators, Kafeel Ahmed, died about a month later from severe burns sustained in the crash. The other, Bilal Abdullah - an Iraqi-born doctor - was sentenced to a minimum of 32 years in prison. 2007: 29 June Two car bombs were discovered and disabled in London's West End. The first was left near the Tiger Tiger nightclub - police sources said it would have caused "carnage" if it had exploded. The second was found in a Mercedes after it was given a parking ticket in Cockspur Street and towed to Park Lane. 2005: 21 July Four attempted bombings took place exactly two weeks after the 7 July blasts. As with the previous plot, the attacks targeted the public transport system - but the devices failed to explode. In July 2007, four men were each sentenced to life imprisonment. 2005: 7 July Co-ordinated suicide bombings targeted London's public transport system during the morning rush hour. Three bombs exploded on separate underground trains and a fourth exploded on a double-decker bus. It was the worst terror attack since the Lockerbie bombing in 1988 and left 52 victims dead and 700 injuries. 2001: 3 August A car bomb planted by the Real IRA exploded around midnight in Ealing Broadway. Seven people were injured. 2001: 4 March The Real IRA detonated a car bomb outside BBC Television Centre in west London. The police received a warning shortly before the blast, and one London Underground worker suffered deep cuts to his eye from flying glass. 1999: 17-30 April David Copeland carried out a 13-day nail bombing campaign that left three people dead and 139 injured in London. The hate-crime killings separately targeted the black, Bangladeshi and gay communities in attacks in Brixton, Brick Lane, and Soho. 1996: 15 June A lorry carrying 1,500kg of explosives blew up in Manchester city centre. One of the biggest bombs the IRA detonated on the British mainland, it caused massive damage to the Arndale shopping centre and other buildings within a half mile radius. Nobody died but 212 people were injured.
- Travel Abroad – Individuals still aspiring to travel to join Daesh but as their sphere of influence diminishes in both Syria and Iraq then individuals might turn their attention to travelling to other areas of conflict such as Libya, Somalia, Nigeria and Yemen. The travel has also involved individuals and families being seduced by the appeal of what they consider would be a better life under Sharia Law in the Daesh proclaimed “Caliphate”. In many cases the authorities have had to intervene to safeguard small children from being taken into areas of conflict. 50 children in the UK have had to be made Wards of Court to protect them from being taken into what was in effect a warzone. Returnees from Syria/Iraq – Blowback is the concern that British Citizens who fight in Syria and other areas of conflict will return to the UK and actively take part in hostilities against the UK Government and Society. Research by Dr. Thomas Hegghammer has suggested that in previous conflicts around the world 1 in 9 of the foreign fighters involved return to their native country and engage in acts of terrorism. Other research suggests that the individuals involved are more likely to cause loss of life and injury in those acts of terrorism because of a number of factors such as involvement in military action, weapons training, dehumanisation as a result of the trauma they have suffered and what they have witnessed and Post Traumatic Stress. Consideration must also be given to the impact that returning individuals with PTSD might have on public services and resources bearing in mind their need to access support and treatment etc. This applies not only to people who have fought for Daesh but also against them, such as the YPG a Kurdish Militia in Syria, (Lower numbers but are travelling – Kimberley Taylor from Blackburn). All foreign fighters will be treated in the same way on return in relation to arrest (decisions will be made in relation to individuals depending on what training they have engaged in, what crimes they have committed or their level of engagement with terrorism) or vulnerability ( What harm have they suffered, what trauma have they been exposed to etc.) Children in particular may have been significantly affected by involvement. Online Radicalisation – online radicalisation features in almost every Counter Terrorism Investigation. Even when Peer to Peer radicalisation has been the primary driver of the process individuals have been signposted to online extremist material and ideology and so the two things go hand in glove. The online space provides radicalisers with far more Accessibility to far more people to potentially ‘groom’ than ever before. It also provides far more Availability of extremist ideology, material and content for individuals to access that might influence/radicalise them. Limited online safety knowledge exacerbates the situation. In some cases a lack of ‘parental controls’ on computers increases the risk for young people and in other cases the existence of ‘parental controls’ can give a false sense of security. Institutional safeguarding measures are a key element to mitigating this risk. Far Right Extremism – In December 2016 National Action was the first Right Wing Extremist group to become a proscribed terrorist organisation. As a result, being a member of, or inviting support for, the organisation will be a criminal offence, carrying a sentence of up to 10 years’ imprisonment. There are 71 proscribed organisations in the UK (14 of whom are connected to Northern Ireland). Brexit has contributed to a polarisation of opinions which can lead to people becoming more extreme, getting involved in extremism. There has also been a rise in reported incidents of hate crime in the UK since the EU referendum. Thomas Mair who was convicted of the murder of MP Jo Cox had a far right fixation with Nazi’s, South African Apartheid, and segregation issues in the Southern USA. In addition to looking at Britain First extensively he researched Anders Breivik the far right Norwegian terrorist who carried out attacks in Oslo and the Island of Utoya killing 77 people in total on the internet at his local library. Reciprocal Radicalisation – one extremist ideology feeding off the other. Lone Actor attacks – Individuals who apparently act on their own are by definition harder to identify. Whilst organisations such as Al-Qaeda still aspire to carry out spectacular attacks around the world the threat is changing and we are seeing more and more individuals being inspired by the rhetoric of extremist ideologies to carry out more basic attacks involving vehicles and knives. This has manifested itself in the increased number of attacks we have seen both around Europe and in London, for example the murder of Lee Rigby and more recently the Westminster Attack (others have been prevented by the police). In virtually all these cases even though the individual apparently acted alone someone knew something or had a ‘niggle’. Even though the individual may have carried out the attack themselves many of them had discussed it with others even if that was in a virtual space. The fact that such individuals are more difficult to identify makes it even more important than people share any concerns in the Prevent space.
- Before the Act came into force there were several pieces of legislation to cover discrimination, including: Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Act 1995
- In July 2015, a legal duty came into force requiring that ‘specified authorities’, including schools and further education colleges (‘colleges’), show ‘due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism’ – popularly referred to as the ‘Prevent duty’. Since the Prevent duty was put before Parliament, it has been the focus of extensive and often highly polarised public debate. While the UK government has argued that the duty ‘doesn’t and shouldn’t stop schools from discussing controversial issues’, critics of the duty have maintained that it will have, and is having, a ‘chilling effect’ on free speech on schools and colleges. In addition, while the UK government has insisted that Prevent and the Prevent duty relate to all forms of extremism, critics argue that, whatever the intention of individual policymakers, practitioners and professionals, Prevent and the Prevent duty continue in practice to concentrate overwhelmingly on Muslim communities, thereby exacerbating stigmatisation of Muslim students. These debates made clear an urgent requirement for a stronger evidence base from which to understand and assess how the Prevent duty is playing out in schools and colleges. This report begins to respond to this requirement. Focusing on the experiences and attitudes of school and college staff, it examines four questions: 1) How has the new Prevent duty been interpreted by staff in schools and colleges in England? 2) How confident do school/college staff feel with regards to implementing the Prevent duty? 3) What impacts, if any, do school/college staff think the Prevent duty has had on their school or college, and on their interactions with students and parents? 4) To what extent, if at all, have school/college staff opposed or questioned the legitimacy of the Prevent duty? The report is based on in-depth qualitative interviews with 70 education professionals across 14 schools and colleges in 2 areas of England (West Yorkshire and London); in-depth qualitative interviews with 8 local authority level Prevent practitioners working in different local authority areas to support schools and colleges; and a national online survey of educationalists (n=225).