Nill

1. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
KSH 3303
ALCOHOL ABUSE

2. Siti Fairuz
Binti Latip
D20111047169
Nor Anis Binti
Mohd Jai
D20131062834
Group
members
Dhachiayani A/P
K. Pathmanathan
D20131062822
Asmirah Binti
Jafarulla Khan
D20131062803
Ng Joe Ann
D20131062806

3. In this section, we will discuss on:
Introduction to alcohol abuse
Causes of alcohol abuse
Effects of alcohol abuse
Prevention and treatment

4. INTRODUCTION
TO
ALCOHOL ABUSE

5. Alcohol Abuse as stated in DSM
1V-TR

6. People Drink Alcohol to
 feel more relaxed
 Look cool
 Forget problems
 Join the party
 Have fun during the
holidays
 Enjoy sporting events
 Become intoxicated

7. The Drinking World
Normal Almost Alcohol
Social Alcoholism Abuse Alcoholism
Drinking

8. Assessment of Alcohol
Abuse/Addiction
i. Addiction severity Index (ASI)
ii. Alcohol Clinical Index (ACI)
iii. CAGE test for alcohol addiction (CAGE –
AID)
iv. AUDIT test for alcohol addiction
v. Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale
(OCD)
….and more than 90 types of assessments to screen
alcohol abuse/dependant/additction

15. CAUSES
OF
ALCOHOL

16. Causes of alcoholism
• People drink to buffer the impact of stress.
• Factor of heavy drink: Alienation from work,
low job autonomy, lack of participation in
decision making and financial strain.

17. • People begin drinking :
To enhance positive emotions and reduce
negative ones.
Alcohol – lower anxiety and depression and
improve self-esteem.
• Many people except for Muslims- drinking is
associated with pleasant social occasions,
and people may develop a social life
centered on drinking.

18. • Alcoholism may represent untreated symptoms
of depression or depression may act as an
impetus for drinking in an effort to improve
mood.

19. EFFECT
OF
ALCOHOLABUSE

20. SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
OF ALCOHOLABUSE

21.  Slurred speech
 Drowsiness
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea
 Upset stomach
 Headaches
 Breathing difficulties
 Distorted vision and hearing

22.  Impaired judgment
 Decreased perception and
coordination
 Unconsciousness
 Anemia (lack of red blood cells)
 Coma
 Blackouts (memory lapses, where
the
drinker cannot remember events that
occurred while under the influence)

23. LONG-TERM
EFFECTS
OFALCOHOL
ABUSE

24.  Unintentional injuries such as car crash,
falls,
burns, drowning
 Intentional injuries such as firearm
injuries,
sexual assault, domestic violence
 Increased on-the-job injuries and loss of
productivity
 Increased family problems and broken
relationships
 Alcohol poisoning

25.  Nerve damage
 Sexual problems
 Vitamin B1 deficiency, which can lead to
a
disorder characterized by amnesia, apathy
and disorientation
 Ulcers
 Gastritis (inflammation of stomach walls)
 Malnutrition

26.  Brain:
-Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication
pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and
works.
-These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and
make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination.
- Can also cause permanent damage to the brain
 Heart:
-Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single
occasion can damage the heart, causing problems
including:
-Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart
muscle
-Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat
-Stroke
-High blood pressure

27. Pancreas:
 Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that
can eventually lead to
- Pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the
blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper
digestion.
Liver:
 Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a
variety of problems and liver inflammations including:
-Steatosis, or fatty liver
-Alcoholic hepatitis
-Fibrosis
-Cirrhosis

28. Cancer:
 Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk
of developing certain cancers, including cancers of
the:
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Throat
-Liver
-Breast
 Research also shows that drinking moderate
amounts of alcohol may protect healthy adults
from developing coronary heart disease.

29. Drinking too much can weaken the immune
system, making it a much easier target for
disease.
 Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract
diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than
people who do not drink too much.
 Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows
your body’s ability to ward off infections –
even up to 24 hours after getting drunk.
IMMUNE SYSYTEM

30. EPIDEMOLOGY

31. PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT

32. Prevention Of Alcohol Abuse
• Inducing adolescents to avoid drinking
• Social influence programs
• Enhance adolescents’ self-efficacy
• Change social norms
• Low-cost options

33. TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL
ABUSE
• Stop or reduce drinking on their own
• Later years of life
• Socioeconomic status
• Socially stable environments
• Social support

34. TREATMENT PROGRAMS
• Focus on factors in environment that elicit
drinking
• Modifying the factors
• Instill coping skills
• Moderate length of participation
• Involving relatives and employers

35. TREATMENT PROGRAMS
• Detoxification
• Produce severe symptoms and health problems
• medically supervised period of alcohol withdrawal
• receives education about his or her alcohol problem and its
treatment
• Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT)
• Treat biological and environmental factors involved in
alcoholism
• Decrease the reinforcing properties of alcohol
• Self-monitoring
• Relapse prevention
• Practicing coping skills or social skills