2.  The mechanisms that carry power from the engine
to the drive wheels.

4.  Clutch.
- The device that connects and disconnects a
shaft from its drive while the drive mechanism is
running.
- The device that engages and disengages power
from the engine to transmission.

5.  Transmission – a metal case containing an
assembly of shafts and gears used to transmit
power from the engine to the drive shaft of
automotive vehicle.
- Provides gear ratios.
 Transaxle – a power-transmission device attach to
one end of the engine that combines the function
of the transmission and the drive shaft.

6.  Drive Shaft (Propeller shaft)
- Transfers power from transmission to the
differential.
 Differential
-A gear assembly between axles that permits one
axle to turn at different speed than the other.

7.  Hybrid powertrains appear to be promising for Class 8
urban use trucks where stop-and-go driving is prevalent,
or in hilly or mountainous areas

8.  A torque tube system is an automobile
driveshaft technology.
 The "torque tube" transmits this force by directly
coupling the axle differential to the transmission.
 A ball and socket type of joint called a "torque
ball" is used at one end of the torque tube to allow
relative motion between the axle and transmission
due to suspension travel.

9. Capsule of shoulder-joint
(distended). Anterior aspect.
1: Ball and socket joint; 2:
Condyloid joint (Ellipsoid); 3:
Saddle joint; 4 Hinge joint; 5:
Pivot joint;

10.  Since the torque tube does not constrain the axle
in the lateral (side-to-side) direction a panhard rod
is often used for this purpose.
 The combination of the panhard rod and the
torque tube allows the easy implementation of soft
coil springs in the rear to give good ride quality

12.  the torque tube is hollow and contains the rotating
driveshaft.
 Inside the hollow torque ball is the universal joint
of the driveshaft that allows relative motion
between the two ends of the driveshaft.
 In most applications the drive shaft uses a single
universal joint which has the disadvantage that it
causes speed fluctuations in the driveshaft when
the shaft is not straight.

13.  Nash's post-war Airflyte model. 1948
 American Motors (AMC).
 Rambler Classic and Ambassador. 1966
 1961-1963 Pontiac Tempest.
 Peugeot 504 and the Volvo 300 Series.
 Sprintcars and Midget cars.
 The C5 and C6 Chevrolet Corvette, Lexus LF-A,
Porsche 924, Porsche 928, Porsche 944,
Aston Martin DBR9, Aston Martin DBS,
Aston Martin DB7, and upcoming Mercedes AMG
SLS

14.  The Hotchkiss drive uses two universal joints
which has the effect of canceling the speed
fluctuations and gives a constant speed even
when the shaft is no longer straight.
 Hotchkiss drive………….

15.  The Hotchkiss drive is a system of
power transmission.
 FR layoutont-engine, rear-drive cars in the 20th
century.
 French automobile firm of Hotchkiss.

16.  During the early part of the 20th century the two
major competing systems of power transmission
were the shaft-drive and chain-drive
configurations.
 It uses universal joints at both ends of the
driveshaft.
 allows the use of simple cross-type universals.
 universal should be a constant velocity joint.

19.  allow a rotating shaft to transmit power through a
variable angle, at constant rotational speed.
 Early front wheel drive systems such as those
used on the Citroën Traction Avant and the front
axles of Land Rover.
 provide a flexible coupling in some propshafts.

20.  In the Hotchkiss drive, splines eliminate thrust
transmitted back up the driveshaft from the
wheels, allowing simple rear-axle positioning
using parallel leaf springs.
 In the torque tube type this thrust is taken by the
torque tube.
 Some Hotchkiss driveshafts are made in two
pieces with another universal joint in the center for
greater flexibility.

21.  1984-1987 RWD Toyota Corolla (i.e., Corolla SR5
and GT-S).
 his design was the main form of power
transmission for most cars from the 1920s through
the 1970s.
 Presently (circa 2008), it remains common in pick-
up trucks and sport utility vehicles.

22.  Wikipedia.org
 Automobile Engineering: A General Reference
Work.

 www.calstart.org.
 How stuff works.