Describe the different types of network.

1. SIMACHALA PATI
CLASS-XII
BASICCONCEPTSOF
COMPUTER NETWORK

2. INDEX
Definition & applications of computer network
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer networkDisadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component
role

3. DEFINTION & APPLICATIONS
DEFINITION:
• A computernetwork isdefined asthe interconnection of two
ormorecomputers.It isdoneto enable the computersto
communicateand shareavailable resources.
• Usually, the connections Between computers in a• Usually, the connections Between computers in a
network are made using physical wires or cables.
However, some connections are wireless,
using radio waves or micro waves or
infrared signals.

4. APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resourcessuchas printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to
another computeranother computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among usersvia
network
v. Sharing of information over geographically wide
areas.

5. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
Twoor more computers
Cables aslinks between the computers
A network interfacing card(NIC) oneach
computercomputer
NetworkHardware devices
Software called operating system(OS)

6. NETWORK BENEFITS
The network provided to the userscan be
divided into two categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity

7. SHARING RESOURCES
Typesof resources are:
1. Hardware: A network allows usersto share
many hardware devicessuchasprinters
, modems, fax machines, CD ROM, players, etc.
2. Software: sharing software resourcesreduces
the costof software installation, savesspaceon
hard disk.

8. OTHER BENEFITSOF COMPUTER
NETWORK
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software managementso Centralized software managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access

9. DISDAVATAGESOF NETWORKS
o High costofinstallation
o Requires time for administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faultso Cable faults
o Security Difficulties

10. CLASSIFICATIONOF AREA BY
THEIR GEOGRAPHY

11. LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)
LAN isa network which isdesigned to operate
over a small physical area suchasan office,
factory or a group of buildings.
LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
Exchange of information and sharing of resources
becomeseasy becauseof LAN.
Exchange of information and sharing of resources
becomeseasy becauseof LAN.
In LAN all machines are connected to a single
cable.
Different types of topologies suchasstar, tree,
bus,ring, etc Can be used
It isusually a privately ownednetwork.

12. ADVANTAGES-
1.Use of LAN is economic because of expensive.
2. Resources like printers , files mass storage devices
and others
3.Lan is used to perform high speed data exchange3.Lan is used to perform high speed data exchange
between people and system
4.The traditional LANs runs at the speed up to 100
MBPS. Newer LANs can have speed upto 10 GBPS

13. 1. If Server develops a fault then users may
not be able to run the application programs.
2. A fault in the network can cause user to
lose the data.
3. The larger the network becomes difficult to
DISADVANTAGES-
3. The larger the network becomes difficult to
manage.
4. As traffic increases on a network the
performances decreases.
5. 5.If the network stops operating then it may
not be possible to access to various
computers

14. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN)
It isin between LAN & WAN technology that
coversthe entire city.
It usessimilar technology asLAN.
It can be a single network suchascable TVIt can be a single network suchascable TV
network, or a measure of connectinga
number of LAN’s oa large network sothat
resourcescan be shared LAN to LAN aswell as
device to device.

15. ADVANTAGES-
1. MAN connects the computer system , other resources
and sometimes Local Area Network to a range 5 to 50
k.m.
2. It uses high speed transfer medium like fiber optics.
DISADVANTAGES-DISADVANTAGES-
1. As the network consists of many comuters over the
span of a city, the connection can lag or become slow

16. WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
When network spansover a large distance or
when the computers to be connected to each other
are at widely separated locations a local area
network cannot be used.A wide area
network(WAN) isinstalled.
The communication between different usersofThe communication between different usersof
WAN isestablished usingleased telephone
lines, satellite links and similar channels.
It ischeaper and more efficient to usethe phone
network for the link.
Most WAN networks are usedto transfer large
blocksof data between its users.

17. ADVANTAGES-
1.It allows computers over vast distances to connect and
share data and information.
2. The most popular example of a WAN would be the
Internet.
3.Covers a large geographical area .
4.Shares software and resources with connecting4.Shares software and resources with connecting
workstations.
DISADVANTAGES-
1.Are expensive.
2. Need a good Firewall to restrict outsiders from
entering and disrupting the network.

18. PERSONALAREA NETWORK(PAN)
A personal area network isa computer network
organized around an individual person.
It generally consistsof a mobile computer, a cell
phone or personal digital assistant. PAN enables
the communication among these devices.the communication among these devices.
It can alsobe usedfor communication among
personal devicesthemselves for connecting to a
digital level network and internet.
The PANs can be constructedusingwirelessor
cables.

19. CAMPUSAREA NETWORK(CAN)
The campusarea network ismade up of an
interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
Network equipments suchasswitches,routersNetwork equipments suchasswitches,routers
and the transmission media i.e. optical fibre
etc are almost entirely owned by the campus
owner.

20. WAN
PAN
LAN
MAN
CAN

21. PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
Ownership of
network
Private Private or public Private or public
Geographical
area covered
Small Very large Moderate
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LAN,WAN,MAN
Design and
maintenance
Easy Not easy Not easy
Communication
medium
Coaxial cable
PSTNor satellite
links
Coaxial cables,
PSTN,optical
fibre, cables,
wireless
Bandwidth Low High moderate
Data
rates(speed)
High Low moderate

22. NETWORK CLASSIFICATIONBYTHEIR
COMPONENT ROLE
LOCALAREANETWORK
PEERTO PEER NETWORK CLIENT SERVERNETWORK

23. PEERTO PEER NETWORK
In peer to peer network each computer isresponsible for
making its own resourcesavailable to other computers on the
network.
Eachcomputer isresponsible for setting up and maintaining
its own security for these resources.
Alsoeach computer isresponsible for accessingthe requiredAlsoeach computer isresponsible for accessingthe required
network resourcesfrom peer to peer relationships.
Peer to peer network isuseful for a small networkcontaining
lessthan 10computers on a single LAN .
In peer to peer network each computer can function asboth
client and server.
Peer to peer networks do not have a central control system.
There are no serversin peer networks.
Peer networks are amplified into home group.

24. ADVANTAGES& DISADVANTAGES
OF PEERTO PEER NETWORK
Advantages:
Useless expensive
computer hardware
Easyto administer
Disadvantages:
Not very secure
No central point of
storage or file archiving
Additional load onNo NOS required
More built in redundancy
Easysetup & low cost
Additional load on
computer because of
resource sharing
Hard to maintain
version control

26. CLIENT/SERVERNETWORK
In client-server network relationships, certain computers act
asserverand other act asclients.A server issimply a
computer, that available the network resourcesand provides
serviceto other computers when they request it. A client is
the computer running a program that requeststhe service
from a server.
Local area network(LAN) isbased on client server networkLocal area network(LAN) isbased on client server network
relationship.
A client-server network isone n which all available network
resourcessuchasfiles, directories, applications and shared
devices, are centrally managed and hosted and then are
accessedbyclient.
Client servenetwork are defined by the presenceof serverson
a network that provide security and administration of the
network.

27. CLIENT- SERVERNETWORK
Advantages:
Very secure
Disadvantages:
requiresprofessional
administration
Very secure
Better performance
Centralized backup
very reliable
administration
More hardware-
intensive
More software
intensive
Expensivededicated
software

28. TYPESOF SERVERS
Server- The Computer who gives
services to all other computer is
known as Server or Host.

29. TYPESOF SERVERS
File server: Theseserversprovide the servicesfor
storing, retrieving and moving the data. A usercan
read, write, exchange and manage the files with the help of
file servers.
Printer server: The printer server isusedfor controlling and
managing printing on the network. It alsooffers the fax
serviceto the network users.serviceto the network users.
Application server: The expensive software and additional
computing power can be shared by the computers in a
network with he help of application servers.
Messageserver: It isusedto co-ordinate the interaction
between users,documents and applications. The data can be
usedin the for of audio, video, binary, text or graphics.
Database server: It isa type of application server. Itallows
the usesto accessthe centralised strongdatabase.