College work

1. A Guide

2. Communication
Communication is any way in which we, or any other
intelligent life form, express our feelings, emotions,
ideas or anything else to one another. This can be
from any in any way, shape or form and changes
from scenario to scenario. All communication is
essential to achieving, progressing and helping.
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3. Contents
Methods of Communication
Barriers to Communication
Terminology
Technology
Record Keeping
Credits

4. Effective Record keeping
 Record keeping is the process of collecting,
assessing, monitoring and maintaining of
someone's or an organisations information, whether
it be personal or financial.
What makes effective record keeping and what
happens when it isn’t
Confidentiality
Barriers to confidentiality and the need for information

5. What is effective record
keeping?
Effective record keeping is;
 Secure where it is stored, how it is accessed. This means that places
where information is kept (filing cabinets ect) have ample physical
protection from locks and doors out of public view. And that computer
equipment that keeps data has secure physical and technological locks
and passwords.
 Accurate in what is put in, this is the most important factor. Everyone
can make mistakes from time to time, but checking, checking and
checking again can ensure that the information to do take down and
store is fully accurate, and any other information about what was
happening whilst you were recording (time, date, location). This helps in
identifying the situation.
 Confidential. Follow this link
 Easily accessed but only by the right people to make the service more
effective and easy for the service user. Information is not there to be
taken, stored, filed away into a distant filing cabinet as an ornament. It
must be able to be accessed by everyone that needs it, yet still having
enough security to keep out anyone that has no business seeing it.

6. Effective record keeping
Effective record keeping is making sure that information
acquired is acquired in the safest, clearest, most
confidential way. But this is a very general sentence for a
much bigger subject. For a more detailed page as to
what is involved in Effective record keeping please click
this link
If records are not kept properly then the standard of service
will suffer. In a childcare scenario; if a parent fills in an
allergy form incorrectly then the subsequent potential
inevitability is that the child will be given said product.
Professional places of work take record keeping very
seriously. In this case (note internet connection is
required) A nurse was struck off because they were
found to not provide adequate effective record keeping.
In the case they administered the incorrect drug to the
incorrect patient, yet logged it down into the records as

7. Confidentiality
Confidentiality is something that is widely used in any
situation where a patient or service user is involved, most
notably for children. It is (as defined by the International
Organisation for Standardisation {ISO}) ensuring that
information is accessible only to those authorized to have
access.
In Britain the data protection act helps to enforce this, with
strict punishments for organisations, even government
employees, who do not abide by it. The Data Protection
Act Gives Individuals the right to know what information
is held about them. It has 8 main principles.
Child protection and confidentiality come hand in hand with
each other. Due to the Children's Act 2004 it is essential
for people dealing with children to keep the information
as secure and confidential as possible. If a breach occurs
then cases such as occur. Note internet connection is

8. Barriers to confidentiality and
need for information
There are two forces working against each other in the
care sectors. One is the need to protect peoples
information, for the individual, or for the organisation.
And the need for organisations to be able to quickly
and easily access this information for beneficial
purposes.
The problem is that each works against the other. So a
balance must be struck, or sacrifices made where
the protection of the individual is of upmost concern,
higher than that of giving a fast service, which can
still have relatively easy access to the information
needed.

9. Data Protection Principles
 Fairly and lawfully processed
 Processed for limited purposes
 Adequate, relevant and not excessive
 Accurate and up to date
 Not kept For longer than is necessary
 Processed in line with your rights
 Secure
 Not transferred to other countries without adequate
protection

10. Thanks to
Ukpoliceonline.co.uk
Dictionairy.reference.com
Google.co.uk
Amazon.co.uk
English Dictionary online
ISO
The Guardian
Medical news today
Jo Kelvey
Created on Microsoft PowerPoint
The Funk Buttons – Lisbon Maru

11. Barriers to Communication
There are many different barriers to communication,
changes or differences can be technological or social.
Different social factors can change how we interact with
one another. This can be for the better, or even for the
worse. Age, race, religion, sex or any other factor can
change how we communicate.

12. Social Communication Barriers
Society plays a massive role in These Differences can be for the better,
such as sign language helping to
how we interact with one
communicate with deaf people. But it
another. It can change with can also be for the worse, such as
just about any aspect of your religious differences in extreme cases
person. can cause wars.
Religion Gender Social Standing Age
Political Views Disability Race Discriminations

13. Age
Age can play an integral role in how we communicate,
much like our social status, or ethnic origin, our age
can set us widely apart from one another.
For example our idiolect can be changed by our age,
new younger terms and descriptions can be altered or
totally created, and accepted as our language. The
word “gay” was once used to describe the feeling of
happiness or being joyous. These days it is used in
place of homosexual, it is a widely accepted term that
also be used in a derogatory or offensive way.
This can create barriers because someone who is much
older may not understand someone who is much
younger than them, because of the terms used, or
because of the fact they are from different eras that
have different moral values and taboos.

14. Race
Our race can be defined from the colour of our skin, our
language we speak, what country we were born in, or
what country we live in.
Different countries have different moral values and laws,
even different signs, symbols, expression, what is right
and wrong to do in public. The differences are vast, and
this can create a lot of problems when dealing with
each other, we may think we are being kind, but it could
offend someone from a different country.
To overcome this we have developed over time
international rapport with each other, we learn about
each other, and it would be common courtesy to look
up another country if you are to meet someone from it,
or to at least re-assure them that you mean no offence
by what you do, and you would expect them to do the

15. Discriminations
Discrimination Is a serious problem, it has caused the worlds
greatest atrocities and tensions, even wars. Simply
because people judge others by their race, religion, sex,
sexual orientation, disabilities anything and everything.
And may dislike them or think otherwise of them because
of it.
We all judge, and try to see who people are and what they
are about, it is in our nature. Tensions arise when people
take action against this, be it something like the holocaust,
or not employing someone because they are black, or a
woman, or disabled.
The difference between judgement and discrimination is
when you actively treat someone differently because of
their differences. To treat them just like you would treat
anyone else, and not distinguish them apart from them, for
any reason, is the way of overcoming discriminations, no
matter what your personal views are.

16. Political Views
Politics in any well developed country affects its
inhabitants greatly. It changes laws, taxes, immigration,
road laws, drinking age, smoking laws, anything within
reason. Everyone has different political views, they
define what we think is right and what we want to
happen.
Barriers in communication can occur when people
develop a one sided view, that what they think is right,
which can be productive for an effective political party,
but not so effective when someone who has a certain
political view in a work environment does or doesn't do
something because of it. Tension can then occur.
It is perfectly ok for you to have your own views an
opinions, but, especially in a care setting, it would be
better to leave your views at home, specifically if they

17. Religion
Religion can play a massive role in how people
communicate to each other. There is the spiritual
communication that people believe they have with god,
but also the physical, where communities are brought
together through it, or torn apart, and can help people to
understand each other better, which communicating
plays a massive role in.

18. Gender
Men and women are different, we have similarities, but the way in
which we communicate is something that can separate us.
Our very nature as a human being, more specifically our gender can
affect how we communicate. This can go back as far as human
history itself. Where men took on the dominant role, protecting,
gathering and generally being the alpha. Women on the other hand
took on the protecting, nurturing and caring side.
Whereas these attributes can cross over between each gender these
days, as study by a book called Why Men Don't Listen and Women
Can't Read Maps, shows that women still predominantly take on
these characteristics, and men in general want to be the alpha, the
bold and strong type. This can affect how we work in any
environment, be it care setting, or a business setting.

19. Social Standing
Class divides affect the way we communicate, in a
fundamentally discriminatory way. Our job, income,
house size, car model, clothes, jewelry, area we live in or
even background can divide people. Seen less and less
these days class divides still happen, and it can affect
how one person talks to another. Even your social
standing can change how you talk, your accent ,
vocabulary.

20.  An accent is how your voice sounds when you
naturally talk, this can change because of how you
were brought up, your peers, or where you live.
Idiolect as it is called can be something such as a
London accent, or it can be because of your peers
and music tastes. This can be hard for people to
understand each other.

21.  Someone from a poorer background may be less
educated, as is abhorrent in some societies. Thus
they would have less of a vocabulary than someone
from a rich background. But this is a generalization
and can appear in any social situation. Just like
accents, this can affect how we understand each
other.

22. Disability
Our disabilities can affect our communication dramatically in some
cases. This can be something as small as a speech impediment,
which can affect you, or it can be as large as losing your sight or
hearing.
Below are a few examples of what can affect your communication
Deaf Blind Loss of speech Physical or mental disabilities
and how. or impediments
Technology involved in disabilities

23. Disability Technology
 Computing aids. Such as roller ball mice for computers,
large text or print on books or websites. Large button
keyboards. These help people with severe physically
impairing disabilities. Such as Cerebral Palsy.
 Medical breakthroughs. There is always research into new
ways to deal with disabilities, mental, physical, sensory.
Be it through new technology, or through the use of
medication.
 Hearing aids. These are a widely used aid to people with
hearing problems, recently they have become smaller,
lighter and less easy to spot.
 Simple glasses. Many people use glasses, a (relatively)
simple technology to aid in sight. Technological
advancement improves the quality of glasses greatly.
 Speech recognition technology has come a long way
since its inception, it has been used in programs to help
people who cannot type for any reason, such as some
cases of dyslexia.

24. Blind
People who are blind have in some way lost their
sight, whether they were born with it or not.
This can create major barriers both in their
personal lives, and in dealing with people. The
obvious is that people who cannot see are at risk
of walking into dangers without realising, eating
things that could harm them. Or not being able to
read signs or menus. Or if they needed to sign a
contract, they can be very helpless.
To combat this we have seeing eye dogs for the
blind, Braille, or simply people who would read it
out for them.

25. Speech Impediments
Speech impediments or loss of speech can be from
a traumatic experience, an accident, poor
development, anything. Speech as a form of
communication can be essential in our day to day
lives, we can get on and not talk to one another,
but at some point talking to someone is essential.
A lack of this ability can cause major problems. It
can cause frustration with people who don't
understand why they cant (or wont) talk, or the
person themselves who want to express
themselves but cannot do so.
Medical breakthroughs, psychological counselling,
even simple written words, speech machines (e.g
professor Hawking) all help to alleviate this

26. Physical or Mental
Disabilities
People who are physically disabled might have a
perfectly working brain, and are perfectly aware of
their surroundings and what is going on, so
understand when you are trying to communicate.
But their bodies may not let them express this,
through one reason or another. This can cause
problems because they know what they want to
say, yet the person on the receiving end would not
know what to make of this. Causing Frustration for
both parties. Mentally disabled people however
may be physically normal, but do not know of, or
know how to express these emotions.
Recognising this at an early age with teaching and
understanding or technological solutions can help

27. Deaf
Being deaf or losing your hearing can drastically
change your life, whether you were born with or
without it, much of what we understand, learn and
enjoy is through sound, it is an integral but not
essential part of life. Overcoming this can be done in
many different ways.

28. Methods of communication
There are many methods to communication. 2 large categories they
can be split into are, technological methods of communication, and
methods of dealing with disabilities. There's also regular methods to
communication, like speech, or ones that may not be used as
regularly such as letters.
Technology
Dealing with Disabilities
Regular Methods
Written

29. Written
 Written communication these days is seen as a more
formal affair, but can be very informal.
 Formal; Bank statement, letter of resignation, letter of
complaint, letter to a business or client
 Informal; Post it note, thank you letter, birthday (or any
holiday) card
Using the appropriate communication method in the right
situation is in some cases common sense (You wouldn’t
resign from a job with a post it note would you?), but
formal written communication does take a certain level of
knowledge in writing one.
Bad Example of a formal letter
What to watch out for when choosing written

30. Choosing Communication
If you are to choose a way to talk to someone you
must assess a few factors.
 The recipient, are they a friend? do you know them?
What is their “rank” compared to yours?
 The subject, is it serious news? Is it business news?
Is it a joke? Is it a party invite?
 The urgency, does it need to get there now? Is it
worth a formal letter taking 1 day or a less formal e-
mail taking 2 minutes?
In most cases it will just come to you, and if you know
the person it will be easy to choose, so long as it is
effective in its message.

31. Bad formal letter
Deer Sir or Madam
I have wanted to you to work as a (space to insert the job
title) from an early age as you are a big prestigious
employer that lots of people want to work for and you
offer high salaries. I also would like to work in another
country and you are a global company.
Hoping to hear from you shorty.
This has poor or no spelling or grammar.
Regards, As well being extremely short for a letter of
this subject. Would you employ this man?
Frank

32. Ancient Communication
Some forms of communication we have used, and
still use since we first started to talk, or to live
together. These are things such as speech, body
language, eye contact or touch. Or even old
sometimes outdated methods that have been
replaced by newer technologies that can render
them useless. They are split into two categories.
Verbal
Non Verbal

33. None Verbal
 Body language – The way we hold ourselves, the
way we move, talk, listen, look, breathe, anything our
bodies do can give something off to the other person
about what you are feeling or thinking. For example
someone not looking whilst someone is talking to
them shows that they are disinterested or feel
uncomfortable with the subject.
 Eye movement
 Posture
 Breathing
 Active listening

34. Verbal
 Verbal communication is anything where you speak
to them, either directly or indirectly. The way we do
this is also an indication of how we feel, what we
think, whether we actually want to be saying this, or
whether we are very interested in the conversation.
This comes hand in hand with our body language.
 Tone of voice
 Accents
 Vocabulary
 Exclamation

35. Dealing with Disabilities
There are many different types of technology
available these days for dealing with disabilities.
They can be age old methods that are so effective
they need no replacement, or old technology that
can be made more effective, smaller, cheaper,
more useful to the user.
This link takes you to the disabilities page
Examples of technology that deals with disabilities

36. Terminology
There are many different types of terminology
used today. Terminology, as defined by the
English dictionary, is the system of terms
belonging or peculiar to a science, art or
specialized subject. Basically words that an
organization uses in it own organization. In every
section of Care in England there are literally
100s of short hand, abbreviations and jargon
terms. If you are to work with someone in that
sector or working in the sector itself its almost
essential to get some knowledge or training in
terms.
Examples of Terminology or “jargon” as it is

37. Examples of terminology
 Police “jargon” can be any term that the police themselves use, and is
specific to the police, it can be a slang term that is used to describe a
scenario, or it can be a short hand or abbreviation of a word that they use.
For example; they use the term “MOP” to as an abbreviation for member of
public. This “MOP” can be referred to as a “100 yard hero”, who is someone
that shouts abuse at a police officer from a considerable distance away.
 An EMI home is one that's classed as an elderly mentally infirm house. This
means that the residents inside the home must receive certain care
provisions to assist them in this.
 The CQC is a short hand term for the care quality commission, a very key
organisation in any care setting.
 The PALS are an organisation who work in NHS hospitals and surgeries with
the patient as a Patient Advocacy and Liaison Service. They are there to
be the patients legal voice, filling out forms or taking part in legal
proceedings on behalf of the patient.

38. Barriers They can create
 Terminology between partnerships or with the
members of public can create barriers to
communication. Whereas the terms can be to protect
the information being discussed in the presence of
people near them, or to make communicating
between each other faster. It does mean that people
who genuinely need to know the information cannot
understand it, or that it means something else in
their “jargon”. This can create problems with
communication.

39. How we use Technology
Technology and communication, in the modern era,
work hand in hand to create a more productive
and efficient way for us to talk to each other, send
each other information, and to generally make our
lives easier, or more enjoyable. However, most
technology has its barriers.
Examples of technology
Technology Dealing with Disabilities

40. Examples of technology
 Computers, can include; desktops, notebooks, laptops, tablets.
Computers are an integral part of modern life, enabling us to create things, and
run programs, train, learn, have fun, all on one machine. These can be
portable.
 Phones, can include; landline, mobile, smart phone
The creation of the mobile telephone revolutionised telecommunications. They
grow ever more clever and advanced as time goes on, being able to do
more and more, smart phone for example are just like mini computers.
 There are also other forms such as; TV, Radio, projectors, DVD, internet
The Internet is a powerful tool, having access to millions upon millions of
websites dedicated to anything and everything, with easy to use search tools
such as Google, the information is right there in front of you in seconds.