The document discusses defects in software testing. It defines a defect as an error or bug in an application that causes it to not meet user expectations or software requirements. Tests can show the presence, not absence, of defects. There are various types of defects, including bugs, failures, mistakes, and errors from different perspectives. Defects are categorized as functional or non-functional. Examples are provided for different types of defects like wrong, missing, and extra. The document notes that finding and fixing defects later in the software development process costs significantly more than fixing them earlier.

1. Defects in Software
Testing
-Presented by
Sandeep A. Singh

2. 1. A defect is an error or a bug, in the
application which is created.
2. Tests show the presence not the absence of
defects.
3. When the result of the software application
or product does not meet with the end user
expectations or the software requirements
then it results into a Bug or Defect.

3. Various Defects Are…….
•
Bug/Defects- it’s a terminology for tester.
•
Failure- This terminology used by the end
user.(customer who using that software)
•
Mistake- it’s a terminology for human.
•
Error- it’s a terminology for developer.

4. Categories of Defects
•
Functional defects - If the application is not behaving in
the way as the requirements
document suggests then it is considered as a
functional defect.
Example
•
Non- functional defects - once you have entered the
value and you proceed
further but on login button
spells wrong.
•
Example

5. Types of Defects
•
Wrong- here functionality is
working but it gives wrong result.
Example – 2+3=5…….(right result)
2+3=6……..(wrong result) .
Missing- here the functionality of
software is missing.
Example - 2+3 = 5 ……….(right result)
2+3= no result…(missing)
•
Extra- here the functionality is
performing right but it gives extra
details.
Example - 2+3=5……(right result)
2+3=5.0….(extra result)

6. Cost of Finding and
Fixing Defects
•
bugs or defects found later costs more to fix.
•
Cost to fix bugs increases exponentially(x10times)
•
Example-
ü
if defect found during srs and brs costs 10rs to fix.
ü
if defect found in design ,cost is 100rs to fix..
ü
if defect found in code ,cost is 1000rs to fix..
ü
if defect found in released software ,cost is 10000rs
to fix..

7. Thank
you….