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1. Seminar
On
a VeHiCLe TO VeHiCLe
COmmUniCaTiOn
SUBMITTED BY
Sangita Das
Regd no 1221206042

2. OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FUNCTION
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
 FEATURES
ZIGBEE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
APPLICATION
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
CONCLUSIN

3. INTRODUCTION
Road accidents account for a severe threat to human
lives from both an injury as well as a financial
perspective. Given that vehicles are designed to
facilitate a smooth means of transportation,
manufacturers have long been in the process of
designing vehicles based on principles of reliability
and safety. However, due to reasons such as human-error,
circumstantial error and negligence, accidents
occur. Today, special attention is focused on the
technologies that can reduce traffic accidents. V2V
technologies are simple to implement primarily
because of their reliance on wireless
communication .

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. ULTERSONIC SENSOR
FUNCTION
They are also known as transducers, they both send and
receive the signal.
It works on the principle similar to radar or Sonar
which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the
echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.

6. DISTANCE MEASUREMENT:
Different techniques can be used to measure
the distance by using ultrasonic sensors.
Among them , continuous-wave and pulse-echo
technique are widely known. In
continuous-wave methods, the transmitter
generates a continuous output, whose echo is
detected by a separate receiver.
 In this case, accuracy depends on the
measurement of the phase shift between the
transmitted and the reflected wave.

7. FEATURES:
 Compatible with MCS-51™ Products.
 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash
Memory– Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles.
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz.
 Three-level Program Memory Lock.
 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
 Two 16-bit Timer/Counters.
 Six Interrupt Sources.
 Programmable Serial Channel.
 Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.

8. ZIGBEE
INTRODUCTION
 ZigBee is the name of a specification for a
suite of high level communication protocols
using small, low-power digital radios based on
the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless
personal area networks (WPANs), such as
wireless headphones connecting with cell
phones via short range radio. The technology is
intended to be simpler and less expensive than
other WPAN’s, such as Bluetooth.

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 ZigBee hardware typically consist of an eight bit
Microcontroller combined with a miniature
transceiver a small amount (ex. 32 KB) of flash
memory and RAM.
 The XBee module is interconnected with the eight
bit microcontroller.
The CMOS logic is used between the Microcontrolles
amd XBEE module, the information is transmitted
and received using ZigBee.

10. TYPES OF ZIGBEE
ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
 The most capable device, the coordinator forms
the root of the network tree and might bridge to other
networks. There is exactly one Zigbee coordinator in
each network since it is the device that started the
network originally. It is able to store information
about the network, acting as the Trust Centre.
ZigBee Router (ZR)
 It can act as an intermediate router, passing data
from other devices.

11. BUZZER
INTRODUCTION
 A buzzer is a signaling device, used in
automobiles, household appliances such as
microwave oven. The piezoelectric sound components
operate on an principle utilizing natural oscillation of
piezoelectric ceramics. Today, piezoelectric sound
components are used in many ways such as home
appliances, audio equipment telephones.

13. APPLICATION
Vehicular communication networks will provide a
wide range of applications with different
characteristics. As these networks have not yet been
implemented, a list of such applications is speculative
and apt to change in the future (However safety,
which is the main purpose of these networks, will
most probably remain the most important
applications). Furthermore some of these applications
require technologies that are not available now.
Ultimately we would like to delegate the full handling
control of our cars to the vehicles themselves;
somewhat similar to autopilot.

14. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Use of radar, laser, ultrasonic sensors have certain
limitations and will not offer communication between
large number of vehicles, such as vehicles at a
junction, etc. So, GPS and wifi are the two methods by
which any type of communication can be achieved in
all types of conditions. Automatically analyzing the
traffic signs and signals is also possible by
incorporation of cameras onto the vehicles or
emission of warning signals directly from the traffic
boards which can be read by the receivers in the
vehicles.

15. CONLUSION
 A vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for
cooperative collision warning. Emerging wireless
technologies for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)
communications are promising to dramatically reduce
the number of fatal roadway accidents by providing
early warnings.

16. REFERENCES
 Muhammad Rashid.H, “ Power Electronics circuits,
Devices and Application” , Eastern Economy
Edition Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.
 Charulatha Publication, “ Microprocessor And
Microcontroller”.

17. QUERiES